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1、MODULE1Conceptsandterminologyfordescribinglanguage描述语言的术语及概念GRAMMAR语法Activevoice主动语态passivevoice.被动语态Adjective形容词comparativeadjective形容词比较级demonstrativeadjective指代形容词possessiveadjective所有格形容词(代词所有格)Asuperlativeadjective形容词最高级Adverb副词Auxiliaryverb:助动词Article冠
2、词Anarticlecanbedefinite(the),indefinite(a)orzero(-),e.g.Iwasat(-)homeinthesittingroomwhenIheardanoise.AspectAwayoflookingatverbformsnotpurelyinrelationtotime.Theperfect,continuousandsimpleareaspects.Thecontinuousaspect,forexample,suggeststhatsomethingishappe
3、ningtemporarily.Baseformoftheverb:动词基本形式Clause从句Aclauseconsistsofaverband(generally)asubject.Aclausecanbeafullsentenceorapartofasentence.Mainclause主句Whentheteacherarrived,thestudentsstoppedtalking.Subordinateclause从句Whentheteacherarrived,thestudentsstoppedta
4、lking.Relativeclause定语从句Thestudentswhoweresittingnearthefrontstoodup.______________________________________________________________________________________________©UCLESCambridgeESOL20052Collectivenoun:集合名词Compoundnoun:复合名词Conditional条件句Firstconditional,第一条件
5、句Secondconditional,第二条件句Thirdconditional.第三条件句Conjunction连词Aconjunction(orconnector)isusedtoconnectwords,phrases,clausesorsentences,e.g.IliketeabutIdon’tlikecoffeebecauseit’stoostrongforme.Connector:连词Countablenoun:可数名词Demonstrativeadjective:指示形容词.Demonstrat
6、ivepronoun:指示代词.Dependentpreposition:非独立介词Determiner限定词Adeterminerisusedtomakeclearwhichnounisreferredto,ortogiveinformationaboutquantity,andincludeswordssuchasthe,a,this,that,my,some,e.g.Thatcarismine.Directspeech直接引语Theactualwordssomeonesays,e.g.Hesaid,‘My
7、nameisRon.’Firstconditional:seeconditionalforms.Gerund,-ingform动名词形式Anounwhichismadefromthepresentparticipleformofaverb,e.g.Ihateshopping.Grammaticalstructure语法结构Thearrangementofwordsintomeaningfulsentences.Agrammaticalstructureisalsoagrammaticallanguageitem
8、,e.g.presentperfectsimple.Imperative祈使句Theformofaverbthatgivesanorderorinstruction,e.g.Turntopage10.IndirectquestionThewordssomeoneuseswhentheyaretellingsomeonewhatsomebodyelseasked,e.g.Peterask