16 Social Beha.ppt

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1、Chapter16SocialBehaviorSocialPsychologyPersonperceptionAttributionprocessesInterpersonalattractionAttitudesConformityandobedienceBehavioringroupsPersonPerception:FormingImpressionsofOthersEffectsofphysicalappearanceCognitiveschemasStereotypesPrejudiceanddi

2、scriminationSubjectivityinpersonperceptionEvolutionaryperspectivesFig16.1–Examplesofsocialschemas.Everyonehassocialschemasforvarious“types”ofpeople,suchassophisticatedprofessionalsorworking-classstiffs.Socialschemasareclustersofbeliefsthatguideinformationp

3、rocessing.AttributionProcesses:ExplainingBehaviorAttributionsInternalvs.ExternalKelley’scovariationmodelBiasesinattributionsFundamentalattributionerrorDefensiveattributionSelf-servingbiasCulturalinfluencesFig16.4-Analternativeviewofthefundamentalattributio

4、nerror.AccordingtoGilbert(1989)andothers,thenatureofattributionprocessesfavorthefundamentalattributionerror.Traditionalmodelsofattributionassumethatinternalandexternalattributionsareaneither-orpropositionrequiringequalamountsofeffort.Incontrast,Gilbertposi

5、tsthatpeopletendtoautomaticallymakeinternalattributionswithlittleeffortandthenmayexpendadditionalefforttoadjustfortheinfluenceofsituationalfactors,whichcanleadtoanexternalattribution.Thus,externalattributionsforothers’behaviorrequiremorethoughtandeffort,wh

6、ichmakesthemlesscommonthanpersonalattributions.CloseRelationships:LikingandLovingKeyfactorsinattractionPhysicalattractivenessMatchinghypothesisSimilarityReciprocityRomanticIdealsPerspectivesonloveHatfield&Berscheid–Passionatevs.CompanionateloveSternberg-In

7、timacyandcommitmentHazen&Shaver–loveasattachmentEvolutionaryperspectivesMatingprioritiesFig16.7-Infantattachmentandromanticrelationships.AccordingtoHazanandShaver(1987),people’sromanticrelationshipsinadulthoodaresimilarinformtotheirattachmentpatternsininfa

8、ncy,whicharedeterminedinpartbyparentalcare-givingstyles.Thetheorizedrelationsbetweenparentalstyles,attachmentpatterns,andintimaterelationsareoutlinedhere.(Dataforparentalcare-givingstylesandadultattachmentsty