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1、Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionAGrammarFocus现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。2.过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。动词构成:have/has+v过去分词havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(现在我不饿)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004Isti
2、lllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpastHowlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I'vehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset?He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslit
3、tle,butIhaven'tplayedforawhilenow.GrammarFocus(1).for+表示一段时间的短语(2).since+表示过去时间点的词语(3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.Ihavebeenateacher______ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_______1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_______wecametothisschool.forsincesince现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直
4、持续到现在,不能是具体的过去时间。for和since在现在完成时中的应用for与since都能与现在完成时连用,但区别较大:(1)for后须接“时间段”HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他学英语5年了。(2)since后须接“时间点”HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.他从1999年开始学英语。(3)二者可以转换for+一段时间=since+一段时间+agoHehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago
5、.他到这儿已经有五个星期了。如:HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。(4)since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时),而for则不能。(5)现在完成时常用句型:①Itis(hasbeen)+时间段+since+时间状语或从句ItisfourdayssincelastFriday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。Ithasbeentwoyea
6、rssinceJimcametoBeijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。②Thisisthefirst(second…)timethat+从句句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如:ThisisthefirsttimethatJennyandDannyhavebeentoChina.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。ThisisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenKaren.这是我第三次见到Karen。(6)均须与延续性动词连用,也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。如:Ihaveboughtthiscompute
7、rsincefouryearsago.(×)Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(√)Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.(√)Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.(√)非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havebegin/start—beondie—bedeadfinish---beoveropensth—keepsthopenfallill—beillgetup—beup
8、,comehere—behere,join—beon+组织机构/beamember组织机构,gothere—bethere,become—be,comeback—beback,fallasleep—beasleep,getto/arrive/reach—be(in),leave—beawayfrom,gettokno