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1、MaterialsScienceAndEngineering1Insulationmaterials23What’smaterialsscienceandengineering?Materials have always been important to the advance of civilization.SuchasStoneageandBronzeage4StructuralandpropertiesItwasnotuntilrelativelyrecenttimesthatscientistscametounderstandtherela
2、tionshipbetweenthestructuralelementsofmaterialsandtheirproperties.Materialsprocessingprocessnotonlyaltersthestructure,butalsodecidesthematerialcharacteristicandperformance.5Whatisitusedtosolve?Materialengineeringmainlytosolvetheproblemandcreatematerialapplication.6What’sisituse
3、dtosolve?Advancementintheunderstandingofamaterialtypeisoftentheforerunnertothestepwiseprogressionofatechnology.Forexample,automobileswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheavailabilityofinexpensivesteelorsomeothercomparablesubstitutes.Inourcontemporaryera,sophisticatedelectronicdevi
4、cesrelyoncomponentsthataremadefromwhatarecalledsemiconductingmaterials.789Whydowestudymaterials?Whydowestudymaterials?Manyanappliedscientistsorengineers,whethermechanical,civil,chemical,orelectrical,willbeexposedtodesignprobleminvolvingmaterialsatonetimeoranother.Examplesmighti
5、ncludeatransmissiongear,thesuperstructureforabuilding,anoilrefinerycomponent,oranintegratedcircuitchip.10What’smaterialsscienceandengineeringOfcourse,materialsscienceandengineeringistotallyinvolvedintheinvestigationanddesignofmaterials.1112selecttherightmaterialsManytimes,amate
6、rialsproblemistoselecttherightmaterialsfrommanythousandsavailableones.Thereareseveralcriteriaonwhichthefinaldecisionisnormallybased.Firstofall,thein-serviceconditionsmustbecharacterized.In-serviceconditions13selecttherightmaterialsAsecondselectionconsiderationisanydeterioration
7、ofmaterialpropertiesthatmayoccurduringserviceoperation.Finally,probablytheoverridingconsiderationiseconomics.14deteriorationofmaterialproperties15Themorefamiliaranengineerorscientistiswiththevariouscharacteristicsandstructure-propertyrelationships,aswellasprocessingtechniquesof
8、materials,themoreproficientandconfidentheorshewillbeto
