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1、中考专题复习词形变换构词法：一、合成法二、派生法三、转化法合成法是指将两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成新词的方法。合成法1、“名词+名词”或“形容词+名词”可以合成名词。Eg.text+booktextbooksuper+marketsupermarket2、“名词+形容词”或“形容词+动词-ing形式”可以合成形容词。Eg.world+famousworld-famousgood+lookinggood-looking3、“副词+名词”可以合成副词。Eg.up+stairsupstairsdown+stairsdownstairs
2、4、“副词+动词”可以合成动词。Eg.down+loaddownloadover+comeovercome合成法派生法派生法也叫前缀、后缀构词法。即在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词。1、加在单词前面的叫前缀，它多数情况下不改变原词的词性。（1）表示否定的-un,non-,dis-,im-,ir-,in-等。Eg.happyunhappysmokernonsmokeragreedisagreepoliteimpoliteregularirregularexpensiveinexpensive（2）表示错误的mis-eg:un
3、derstandmisunderstand（3）表示相互、交互、在一起的inter-eg:netinternetnationalinternational（4）表示又、再、重复的re-eg:writerewritetellretell派生法2、加在名词后面的叫后缀，它多数情况下改变原词的词性。派生法（1）名词后缀：-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-tion,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,-ing等。eg:singsingeractactormusicmusiciansciencescientistpoll
4、utepollutiondevelopdevelopmenthappyhappinessrelationrelationshiptruetruthsafesafetyshopshopping派生法（2）形容词后缀：-ful,-less,-able,-al,-y,-ed,-en,-ern,-ing等。eg:successsuccessfulhopehopefulenjoyenjoyablenaturenaturalrainrainyrelaxrelaxingwoodwoodensouthsoutherninterestinteres
5、ting派生法（3）副词后缀：-ly等。Eg:mainmainlyquickquickly形容词转换副词的规则：构成例词与形容词同形low,fast,late,early,much,deep,little,hard,only,back,just,well,enough,long,high形容词后直接加-lycarefulcarefullyclearclearly辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加lyhappyhappilyangryangrily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加ysimplesimplyterribleterribl
6、y少数以e结尾的形容词，去掉e再加lytruetruly注意：有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：lovely,lively,friendly,lonely.转化法转化法是指将一种词类转化为另一种词类而词形不变。转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。1、动词名词eg:brushv.（用刷子）刷n.刷子cookv.烹饪n.厨师2、名词动词eg:testn.测验、考试v.测验、考察rainn.雨v.下雨3、形容词动词eg:slowadj.慢的v.放慢cleanadj.干净的v.打扫4、形容词动词eg:Chineseadj.中国的n
7、.中国人词性转换专项练习_________computergamesisaverypopularwayforpeopletorelax:(play)Makeaplanforyourfuturestudy,andyouwill________intheend.(successful)Becauseoftheheavytrafficjam,Imissedthe___________ofthefilm.(begin)Itisnecessaryforeveryonetobrushhis________aftereachmeal.(toot
8、h)Australiahas______peoplethanchinadoes.(few)Mygrandparentspreferredthequietcountrysidetothe__________cities.(noise)Youareto
