如何撰写引言结论摘要和致谢.ppt

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如何撰写引言、结论、摘要和致谢Howtowriteanintroduction,conclusion,abstractandacknowledgements 1.1Whentowriteit?Arrangethefollowingcomponentsofathesisaccordingtothetimewhenitshouldbewritten?AcknowledgementAbstractIntroductionLiteraturereviewMethodologyDiscussionandanalysisConclusion1.Howtowriteanintroduction 1.1Whentowriteit?TherecommendedsequenceisLiteraturereviewMethodologyDiscussionandanalysisIntroductionConclusionAbstractAcknowledgement1.Howtowriteanintroduction 1.2Whatisanintroductionfor?TogivethereaderageneraloverviewofyourtopicTogivethereaderaroadmapforwhattheywillreadaboutintherestofthepaper.1.Howtowriteanintroduction 1.3Anintroductioncouldinclude:1.3.1ThebackgroundofyourresearchAnew/popular/influentialetc.phenomenon,Acontroversialtheory/methodsthathasbeendebatedovertimewithoutcommonlyacceptedconclusionsAchallengetoawidelyacceptedideasdefinitionofthekeyterms…1.3.2Theresearchquestion/problem1.3.3Thesignificanceofstudyingthisquestion1.3.4Thethesisstatement1.3.5Howyouwillapproachyourresearchquestionandorganizeyourresearch(theoutline)1.3.6YourconclusionHowtowriteanintroduction 1.4DifferentwaysofstartinganintroductionClarifyingtheresearchquestionyouraregoingtoinvestigate,RelatingyourtopictosthcurrentorwellknowChallengingsomegenerallyheldassumptionaboutyourresearchquestionsShowingsthparadoxicalaboutyoursubjectDefiningakeyconceptusedinyourresearchreport.Howtowriteanintroduction 1.5SamplereadingSample1sampleIntroduction_sl.docxSample2Sampleintroduction_AttitudestowardstheEfficacyofOPR.docxSamplebyyourfellowstudents1Samplebyyourfellowstudents2Howtowriteanintroduction 1.6UsefulsentencepatternsThispaperarguesthat+(yourthesisstatement)Thehypothesisofthisstudyis+(yourthesisstatement)Although…,Istronglybelieve/itcanstillbearguedthat+(yourthesisstatement)Someresearchersmightsaythat+(adubiousstatement)Itissometimessaidthat+(adubiousstatement)Peoplemaythinkthat+(adubiousstatement)Howtowriteanintroduction 2.1Whatisanconclusionfor?Aconclusioniswherethewriterreinforcehis/herpoints.IthelpsthereaderseehowtheanalysisanddiscussionsleadunavoidablytotheconclusionItstressesthesignificanceoftheresearchItprovidesthepaperwithasenseofcompleteness2.Howtowriteaconclusion 2.2Agoodconclusionmayinclude?AsummaryofthestudyandthefindingsConclusionsdrawnfromthefindingsSignificance/implication/contributionofthestudyLimitationanddirectionsforfutureresearch2.Howtowriteaconclusion 2.3Differentwaysofwritingaconclusion2.3.1Returntotheongoingcontroversyordebate,emphasizingthesignificanceoryourresearchandthecontributionyoucouldmaketothecurrentliteraturee.g.Theresultsofthisstudyhighlight…2.Howtowriteaconclusion 2.3Differentwaysofwritingaconclusion2.3.2GobacktothebackgroundinformationandillustratehowyourargumenthasshednewlightonthatinformationSamplereading2.3.3Synthesizebutdonotsimplysummarize,showinghowthepointsandevidencefittogether2.3.4ProvideanswerstothequestionsraisedintheintroductionSamplereading2.Howtowriteaconclusion 2.4Don’tsinwritingaconclusionDon’tintroducenewideas,sub-topicsorevidencethatshouldbeincludedinthebodyDon’tmakedubiousstatementthatneedstobeprovedDon’tendwitharephrasedthesisstatementwithoutsubstantivechangesDon’tmakesentimentaloremotionalappealsSample2.Howtowriteaconclusion 2.5Usefulexpressionsandsentencepatterns2.Howtowriteaconclusion 2.5Usefulexpressionsandsentencepatterns2.Howtowriteaconclusion 3.1WhatisanabstractforAnabstractisaimedatsummarizethecontentofyourthesisandhighlightthekeypoints(contributions)ofyourendeavorsItprovidesfastandbetterunderstandingofyourthesistothereadersItshouldalwaysbeinformativeItshouldbeshortandconcise(between150-200words)3.Howtowriteanabstract 3.2Anabstractalwaysincludes:thepurposeofthestudy(background),theresearchquestionstobeaddressed,thesubjectsinvolved,theinstrumentsusedtocollectthedata,theproceduresforcollectingandanalyzingthedata,thefindingsandtheconclusions.3.Howtowriteanabstract 3.3Samplereading:AbstractofanempiricalstudyAbstractofareviewoftheoreticalArticleAbstractofacasestudyAbstractofyourfellowstudents3.Howtowriteanabstract 3.4Usefulexpressionsandsentencepatters:DescriptionoftheresearchThispaperpresentsananalysisof…AcomparisonbetweenXandYismade.Itconcludesthat…Thepaperinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenthreedifferentviewsof..Theresultsshowthat…Iarguethat…Inthispaper,….istreated…aredefined….arederived.Itisshownthat…Thepurposeofthispaperistoexamine…Thepresentstudyassessedtheimpactof..On…Inthisstudy,theroleo…hasbeeninvestigatedinordertoverifyandexplain..3.Howtowriteanabstract 3.4Usefulexpressionsandsentencepatters:Introducingconclusion:Thisworkpresentsachallengeto…Moreover,thisstudyprovidesastartingpointfor…Giventhe….,itcanbeconcludedthat…Theresultssuggeststhat..Inshort,thefindingsindicatethat…Basedonthefindings,severalconclusionsaswellasspecificrecommendationsweremade.3.Howtowriteanabstract 4.1Whatisanacknowledgementfor?Theacknowledgementsistoexpresstheresearcher’sgratitudetothosewhohaveofferedhelpintheprocessofresearchandthesiswriting.BrieflyexplainwhatcontributionstheyhavemadetoyourresearchLimittheacknowledgementwithinonepage4.Howtowritetheacknowledgements 4.2Achecklistforyouracknowledgements:SupervisorTeachers/ProfessorsRespondents/researchsubjects(people,organizationsetc)LibrariansColleagues/classmates/fellowstudentsParents,familymembersFriends4.Howtowritetheacknowledgements 4.3SentencepatternsBeginning:Thisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthetremendoussupportandhelpfromanumberofpeople…..Itisagreatpleasuretothankeveryonewhohelpedmewritemydissertationsuccessfully……Itisapleasuretothankthosewhomadethisthesispossible…Itisanhonorformeto….4.Howtowritetheacknowledgements 4.3SentencepatternsBeginningofindividualacknowledgement:Iowemydeepestgratitudetomysupervisorwhohas……….Iamtrulygrateful/indebted/thankfulto……AAhasmadeavailablehissupportinanumberofways…Iwouldliketothank……Iamindebtedtomanyofmycolleaguestosupportme…….Iwouldliketoshowmygratitudeto……4.Howtowritetheacknowledgements