ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY.ppt

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1、27EnvironmentalMicrobiology環境微生學MicrobialDiversityMicrobesliveinavarietyofhabitatsbecauseoftheirabilitiestoUseavarietyofcarbonandenergysources.Growunderdifferentphysicalconditions.ExtremophilesliveinextremepHTemperatureSalinityExtremophiles,極端嗜好菌代謝多樣性Meta

2、bolicDiversityandHabitatsLearningObjective--Defineextremophile,andidentifytwo“extreme”habitats.--p.810MycorrhizaeFungilivingincloseassociationwithplantrootsExtendsurfaceareaofrootsFigure27.1菌根吸根Fig.27.1Mycorhizae.QOfwhatvalueisamycorrhizaetoaplant?Fig.27.

3、1(b)EctomycorhizaThemycelialMantleofatypicalectomycorrhizalfungusSurroundingaEucalyptustreeroot.Symbiosis,共生Ex.Ruminant==>rumenArbuscules,吸根植物細胞壁菌絲面紗Fig.27.1(a)Endomycorhiza(esicular-arbuscularmycorrhiza).MetabolicDiversityandHabitatLearningObjective--Def

4、inesymbiosis--Definemycorrhiza,differentiateendomycorrhizaefromectomycorrhizae,andgivenanexampleofeach.Symbiosis--p.810CommercialUsesofMycorrhizaeFigure27.2w/菌根>>生長良好w/o菌根>>生長差松露菌根Fig.27.2Mycorhizaehaveconsiderablecommercialvalue.QWhyaremycorrhizaevaluabl

5、efortheuptakeofphosphorus?SoilMicrobiologyandBiogeochemicalCyclesLearningObjective--Definebiogeochemicalcycle.--p.811BiogeochemicalCycles地球化學循環Recycling(oxidationandreduction)ofchemicalelements--soilasa"biologicalfire."再生/再循環LearningObjective--Outlinethe

6、carboncycle,andexplaintherolesofmicroorganismsinthiscycle.SoilMicrobiologyandBiogeochemicalCyclesTheCarbonCycle--p.811TheCarbonCycleFigure27.3碳循環固定死亡的生物化石燃料食用分解甲烷Fig.27.3Thecarboncycle.QWhateffectdoestheaccumulationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehaveonthe

7、Earth’sclimate?LearningObjective--Outlinethenitrogencycle,andexplaintherolesofmicroorganismsinthiscycle.--Defineammonification,nitrification,andnitrogenfixation.SoilMicrobiologyandBiogeochemicalCyclesTheNitrogenCycle--p.813TheNitrogenCycleFigure27.4氮循環硝化

8、作用氨化作用固氮作用去硝化作用分解作用去硝化細菌氨化作用豆科植物豆科植物Fig.27.4Thenitrogencycle.QWhichprocessesareperformedexclusivelybybacteria?NitrogenCycleN2Nitrogen-fixationAmmonia(NH3)Nitrateion(NO3-)PseudmonasN2Nitriteion(NO2-)NitrobacterNitrat