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时间:2020-01-29
《西方文化导论课后题答案7-11章.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、1.PleasegiveanaccountofthesettingoftheEnlightenment.ThefactthattheEnlightenmentfirstoccurredinFrancewasascribedtothedeteriorationineconomic,political,socialandculturalconditionsinthe18th-centuryFrance.TheFrenchpeoplestronglydemandedthatthedecliningsituationb
2、earrestedandreformsbecarriedout.Undersuchcircumstances,progressiveintellectualsbegantothinkmoreseriouslyaboutthesolutionstothecrisesandtriedtoresorttointellectualandsocialmeans.Thismovementalsoaskedformorepoliticalpowertothepeopleasthebourgeoisiejoinedinwith
3、itseconomicsupportandthustheculturalmovementtinnedwithpoliticalcolourasabourgeoismark.Ontheotherhand,thedisseminationofscientificknowledgeandtheinfluencesofBritishempiricismalsoimmenselyheightenedintellectualandpoliticalawarenessofthepeopleingeneral.Thisprep
4、aredthepoliticalbasisofthebourgeoisrevolutiontofollow.2.BrieflyintroduceoneortworepresentativefiguresoftheEnlightenmentandtheircentralideas.VoltaireandMontesquieuaretwooftherepresentativefiguresoftheEnlightenment.VoltaireexposedthedarksideofFrancesuchastheco
5、rruptionandinjusticeofChristianitybylaunchinghistheoryonhumannature.Also,hearguedforthefreedomandequalityofordinarypeople.What’smore,hestronglycondemnedfeudalautocracyandputforwardthetheoryoftheenlightenedmonarchy.Montesquieu’spoliticaltheorydevelopedtheprin
6、cipleofdividingpoliticalpoweralthoughtheprincipleitselfwasnothisinvention.MontesquieucontributedsignificantlytotheestablishmentofthemodernWesternstatebyexposingthenatureofstateandhumanbeingsinhisgreatworkSpiritofLawwhichhaswide-ranginginfluenceonthelatergene
7、rationsofmodernWesternpoliticalthinkingandpractice.ForMontesquieu,itwasclimatethatcontributedmosttotheformationofasocietyandhebelieveditwasshowninnationalcharacter,politicalsystem,marriagecodes,religion,andtheuseofslavery.Hisgeographicalandenvironmentaltheor
8、yisofsomeprogressivesignificance,butitexaggeratesthegeographicalfactorinsocialdevelopment.1.SaysomethingabouttheoriginandthemajorconcernsofRomanticism.Giveexamples.Romanticismoriginatedoutofthec
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