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1、Blackhumor:thetermblackhumorwascreatedin1920s,butitwasnotnoticeduntil1960s.itwasparticularlyaliteraryphenomenoninAmericaafterWWⅡ.Blackhumor,inliterature,isdrama,novel,andfilm,grotesqueormorbidhumorusedtoexpresstheabsurdity,insensitivity,paradox,andcrueltyofthemodernworld.Ordina
2、rycharactersorsituationsareusuallyexaggeratedfarbeyondthelimitsofnormalsatireorirony.Blackhumorusesdevicesoftenassociatedwithtragedyandissometimesequatedwithtragicface.JoseghHellerandKuryVonnegutarefamousfortheirnovelsofblackhumor.EspeciallyHeller’sCatch—22.Imagism:Apoeticmovem
3、entofEnglandandtheU.S.thatflourishedfrom1909to1917.Themovementinsistsonthecreationofimagesinpoetryby“thedirecttreatmentofthething”andtheeconomyofwording.“poetictechniquestorecordexactlythemomentaryimpressions”ThreemainprinciplesoftheImagistMovement(1912):[1]directtreatmentofpoe
4、ticsubjects[2]eliminationofmerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords,tousenowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentation.[3]rhythmicalcompositioninthesequenceofthemusicalphraseratherthaninthesequenceofametronome.4>pound’sInaStationoftheMetroisawell-knownpoem.Localcolorism:localcolorismi
5、satypeofwritingthatwaspopularinthelate19th(1860s—1870s).Thefeatureoflocalcolorismare:(1)presentingalocaledistinguishedfromtheoutsideworld;(2)describingtheexoticofthepicturesque;(3)glorifyingthepast;(4)showingthingsastheyare;(5)influenceofsettingoncharacters.Thewellknownlocalcol
6、orismauthorswereMarkTwainwithhisbookTomSawyerandTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,BretHarte’swithhisTheLuckoftheRoaringCamp.AmericanPuritanism:thesettlementofNorthAmericancontinentbyEnglishstartedintheearly17thcentury.Undersiegefromchurchandcrown,itsentanoffshootinthethirdandfourt
7、hdecadesoftheseventeenthcenturytothenorthernEnglishcoloniesintheNewWorld—amigrationthatlaidthefoundationforthereligious,intellectual,andsocialorderofNewEngland.Puritanism,howeverwasnotonlyahistoricallyspecificphenomenoncoincidentwiththefoundingofNewZealand;itwasalsoawayofbeingi
8、ntheworld—astyleofresponsetolivedexperience—thathasrev
