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1、1.AmericanPuritanism清教ItcomesfromtheAmericanpuritans,whowerethefirstimmigrantsmovedtoAmericancontinentinthe17thcentury.Originalsin,predestination（预言）andsalvation（拯救）werethebasicideasofAmericanPuritanism.And,hard-working,piousness（虔诚,尽职），thriftandsobriety（清醒）werepraised.Characteristics:特点1.Ideal
2、istic:Puritanspursuethepurityandsimplicityinworship.TheyfocusethegloryofGod,andtheangryGod.Theybelieveinthedoctrineofdestiny,originalsin,limitedatonement2.Practical:PuritanscometoAmricantodobusinessandmakeprofitswiththedesireofchasingwealthandstatus.Theyhavetostruggleforsurvivalundertheseverity
3、ofthewesternfrontier.3.ThestrugglebetweenthespiritualandthematerialisthebasicsofthePuritanmind.Ontheonehand,Puritanschasethepurityoftheearlychurch.Ontheotherhand,theycometoAmericatoearnmoney.Thiscontradictorywillbereflectedbytheirthoughts.4.Inaword,itrestsonpurity,ambition,hardingwork,andaninte
4、nsestrugglingforsuccess.2.Romanticism浪漫主义:theliteraturetermwasfirstappliedtothewritersofthe18thcenturyinEuropewhobrokeawayfromtheformalrulesofclassicalwriting.WhenitwasusedinAmericanliteratureitreferredtothewritersofthemiddleofthe19thcenturywhostimulated（刺激）thesentimentalemotionsoftheirreaders.
5、Theywroteofthemysteriousoflife,love,birthanddeath.TheRomanticwritersexpressedthemselvesfreelyandwithoutrestraint.Theywroteallkindsofmaterials,poetry,essays,plays,fictions,history,worksoftravel,andbiography.3.Transcendentalism先验说,超越论:isaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishedinNewEngland,pa
6、rticularatConcord,asareactionagainstRationalismandCalvinism(理性主义and喀尔文主义).MainlyitstressedintuitiveunderstandingofGod,withoutthehelpofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.TherepresentativewritersareEmersonandThoreau.4.AmericanRealism现实主义:InAmericanliterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomantic
7、Periodtoanend.TheAgeofRealismcameintoexistence.Itcameasareactionagainstthelieofromanticismandsentimentalism.Realismturnedfromanemphasisonthestrangetowardafaithfulrenderingoftheordinary,asliceoflifeasitisreallylived.Itexpressesthec
