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时间:2020-01-28
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1、原文Java2MicroEditionandtheWorldofJava1IntroductionThecomputerrevolutionofthe1970sincreasedthedemandforsophisticatedcomputersoftwaretotakeadvantageoftheever-increasingcapacityofcomputerstoprocessdata.TheCprogramminglanguagebecamethelinchpinthatenabledprogram
2、merstobuildsoftwarethatwasjustasrobustasthecomputeritranon.Asthe1980sapproached,programmerswerewitnessinganotherspurtintheevolutionofprogramminglanguage.ComputertechnologyadvancedbeyondthecapabilitiesoftheCprogramminglanguage.Theproblemwasn’tnew.Itoccurred
3、previouslyandcausedthedemiseofgenerationsofprogramminglanguages.Theproblemwasthatprogramswerebecomingtoocomplicatedtodesign,write,andmanagetokeepupwiththecapabilitiesofcomputers.ItwasaroundthistimethatadesignconceptbasedonSimula67andSmalltalk(fromthelate19
4、60s)movedprogrammingtothenextevolutionarystep.Thiswastheperiodwhenobject-orientedprogramming(OOP),andwithitanewprogramminglanguagecalledC++,tookprogrammersbystorm.In1979,BjarneStroustrupofBellLaboratoriesinNewJerseyenhancedtheCprogramminglanguagetoincludeo
5、bject-orientedfeatures.HecalledthelanguageC++.(The++istheincrementaloperatorintheCprogramminglanguage.)C++istrulyanenhancementoftheCprogramminglanguage,anditbeganasapreprocessorlanguagethatwastranslatedintoCsyntaxbeforetheprogramwasprocessedbythecompiler.S
6、troustrupbuiltontheconceptofaclass(takenfromSimula67andSmalltalk),fromwhichinstancesofobjectsarecreated.Aclasscontainsdatamembersandmemberfunctionsthatdefineanobject’sdataandfunctionality.Healsointroducedtheconceptofinheritance,whichenabledaclasstoinherits
7、omeoralldatamembersandmemberfunctionsfromoneormoreotherclasses—allofwhichcomplementstheconceptsofobject-orientedprogramming.By1988,ANSIofficialsstandardizedStroustrup’sC++specification.2EnterJavaJustasC++wasbecomingthelanguageofchoiceforbuildingindustrial-
8、strengthapplications,anothergrowthspurtintheevolutionofprogramminglanguagewasbudding,fertilizedbythelatestdisruptivetechnology—theWorldWideWeb.TheInternethadbeenawell-keptsecretfordecadesbeforetheNationalScie
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