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1、外文原文JavaFundamentalsTheriseoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWebhavefundamentallyreshapedcomputing.Onlyafewshortyearsago,thecyberlandscapewasdominatedbystand-alonePCs.Today,nearlyallPCsareconnectedtotheInternet.TheInternet,itself,wastransformed—originallyofferingaconvenie
2、ntwaytosharefilesandinformation,todayitisavast,distributedcomputinguniverse.Thesechangeshavebeenasrapidastheyhavebeenprofound,andintheirwake,theygaverisetoanewwaytoprogram:Java.JavaisthepreeminentlanguageoftheInternet,butitismorethanthat.Javahasrevolutionizedprogram
3、ming,changingthewaythatwethinkaboutboththeformandthefunctionofaprogram.TobeaprofessionalprogrammertodayimpliestheabilitytoprograminJava—ithasbecomethatimportant.Inthecourseofthisbook,youwilllearntheskillsneededtomasterit.ThepurposeofthismoduleistointroduceyoutoJava,
4、includingitshistory,itsdesignphilosophy,andseveralofitsmostimportantfeatures.Byfar,thehardestthingaboutlearningaprogramminglanguageisthefactthatnoelementexistsinisolation.Instead,thecomponentsofthelanguageworkinconjunctionwitheachother.Thisinterrelatednessisespecial
5、lypronouncedinJava.Infact,itisdifficulttodiscussoneaspectofJavawithoutinvolvingothers.Tohelpovercomethisproblem,thismoduleprovidesabriefoverviewofseveralJavafeatures,includingthegeneralformofaJavaprogram,somebasiccontrolstructures,andoperators.Itdoesnotgointotoomany
6、detailsbut,rather,concentratesonthegeneralconceptscommontoanyJavaprogram.1.1TheOriginsofJavaComputerlanguageinnovationisdrivenforwardbytwofactors:improvementsintheartofprogrammingandchangesinthecomputingenvironment.Javaisnoexception.Buildingupontherichlegacyinherite
7、dfromCandC++,Javaaddsrefinementsandfeaturesthatreflectthecurrentstateoftheartinprogramming.Respondingtotheriseoftheonlineenvironment,Javaoffersfeaturesthatstreamlineprogrammingforahighlydistributedarchitecture.JavawasconceivedbyJamesGosling,PatrickNaughton,ChrisWart
8、h,EdFrank,andMikeSheridanatSunMicrosystemsin1991.Thislanguagewasinitiallycalled“Oak”butwasrenamed“Java”in1995.Somewhatsurprisingly,theorig
