词义猜测题解题方法.doc

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1、词义猜测题解题方法词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中常见的题型，但是不是阅读理解题的主要部分(每套试题中1-2题)。该题型主要考查考生依据特定语境对某一单词(包括代词的指代)、句子(尤其是不完整句或是省略句)或句中某一部分的准确理解能力。具体地说就是考查：生词的猜测、熟词生义词的猜测、短语的猜测、代词的指代以及句子的理解。常见题干形式①Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword“....”？②Theword“....”inthe...paragraph,couldbestberepl

2、acedby...③Inthe...paragraph,theword/sentence“....”means(refersto).④Accordingtothepassage,“....”probablymeans.....⑤Theauthorusestheword/sentence“...”tomean.....⑥Theunderlinedword"it/they"inParagraph...refersto...由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等，因此联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。命题

3、者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，考生们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。常见的解题思路有：1.利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测；2.利用定义、解释、举例等线索。阅读文章中的某些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子或是在它的前面有举例，利用它们猜词义较容易；3.利用上下文“转折、对比、类比、因果、并列、同位”等等逻辑关系来推测词义；4.利用逻辑推理。根据搭配关系和上下文的意思等来推测其意思；5.利用构词法、生活常识来推测词义。【例1】①(江苏省

4、石庄高级中学2014届考前指导)CassandraFeeleyfindsithardtomanageonherhusband’sincome.Sothisyearshedidsomethingmorethanahobby:Sheplantedvegetablesinheryard.Forherfistgarden,MsFeeleyhasputin15tomatoplants,andfiverowsofavarietyofvegetables.Thefamily’soldfarmhousehasbecomeachickenbourse,

5、itsresidentsarrivingnextmonth.Lastyear,Ms.RitaGartinkeptasmallgarden.Thisyearshehasmadeitmuchlargerbecause,shesaid,“ThecostofeverythingisgoingupandIwaslookingtoloseafewpoundstoo;soit’sawin-winsituationallaround.”1.Whatdoestheword“residents’’inParagraph1probablyreferto?A

6、.chickensB.tomatoesC.gardensD.people[来源:学科网ZXXK]②ThewordadvertisingreferstoanykindofpublicannouncementthatbringsproductsandServicestotheattentionofpeople．Throughouthistory,advertisinghasbeenalleffectivewaytopromote(促进)thetradingandsellingofgoods．IntheMiddleAges，merchant

7、santsemployed“towncriers”toreadpublicmessagesaloudtopromotetheirgoods．Whenprintingwasinventedinthefifteenthcentury,pagesofadvertisements(ads)couldbeprintedeasilyandwereeitherhunginpublicplaces orputinbooks.Bytheendoftheseventeenthcentury,whennewspaperswerebeginningtober

8、eadbymorePeople,printedmaterialsbecameallimportantwaytopromoteproductsandservices．TheLondonGazettewasthefirstn