论文写作 Unit 3 Abstract.doc

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1、Unit3.Abstract1.DefinitionofAbstract(Whatisanabstract?)Anabstractisabriefandself-containedsummaryandanaccuraterepresentationofthecontentsofadocumentsuchasaresearchpaper,ajournalarticle,thesis,review,conferenceproceeding,andotheracademicdocuments.Thep

2、urposeofanabstractistoprovideprospective（likelytobecomeorbe预期的）readerstheopportunitytojudgetherelevanceofthelongerworkoftheirprojects.Inscientificwriting,theabstractisthecondensedversion,orthe“mini-version”ofthepaper.2.Whenareabstractsused?1)Submitti

3、ngpapersorarticlestojournals2)Applyingforresearchgrants3)CompletingthePh.Ddissertation4)Writingaproposalforconferencepaper5)Indexingbibliographicallyaslibraryreferencetools6)Writingabookproposal.3.GeneralFunctionsofanAbstractThefunctionoftheabstracto

4、fascientificpaperistoprovideanoverviewofthepapersothatreaderscanunderstandthemainideasandidentifythebasiccontentoftheworkwithoutreadingthepaperinitsentirety.3.1.SelectionTheprimarypurposeofanabstractistofacilitateaselectionofdocuments.Abstractenabler

5、eaderstoquicklydecidewhetheritisworththeirtimetoreadit.Readerscangraspthemainstoryandtheessentialpointsofthedocumentwithoutreadingthewholetextofthedocument.3.2.IndexingBesidesselection,theothermainpurposeoftheabstractisforindexing.Manyonlinedatabases

6、useabstractstoindexlargerworks.Almostallscientificjournalsrequireabstracts,andmostonlinearticledatabasesenablereaderstosearchabstracts.Therefore,foranabstracttobeusefulinanonlineretrievalsystem,itshouldcontainkeywordsandphrasesthatallowforeasyresearc

7、hing.4.ClassificationofAbstracts(TypesofAbstract)4.1Indicative(ordescriptiveabstracts)abstractsAnindicativeabstractordescriptiveabstractisonethatdescribesthetypeandnatureoftheworkabstracted,indicatingtheprincipalsubjectscoveredandprovidingabriefdescr

8、iptionofthewaythefactsaretreatedandthemethodsortechniquesthatarebeingreported.Theyareusuallyveryshort----nomorethan150words.4.2.InformativeabstractsAninformativeabstractsummarizesasmuchastheessentialelementsofthedocumentaspossible,presentingandexplai