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1、人教课标高三选修10Unit5GrammarUnit5EnjoynovelsTheNominativeAbsoluteConstruction(独立主格结构)1.构成:独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词,不定式,名词,代词,形容词,副词或介词短语)构成,在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下:TheNominativeAbsoluteConstruction(独立主格结构)(1)名词(代词)+现在分词,过去分词(2)名词(代词)+形容词(3)名词(代词)+副词(4)名词(代词)+不定式(5)名词(代词)+介词短语2.独立主格结构的特点:(1)独
2、立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句,可表示时间,原因,条件,行为方式或伴随情况;(2)独立主格结构可置于句首,也可以放在句尾;(3)独立主格结构主要用于书面语;(4)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中的语法主语不同,不指同一个人或同一事物;(5)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;(6)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系;(7)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开(8)过去分词表示被动,逻辑主语承受动作;分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。e.g.1)Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthe
3、testwasfinished,webeganourholiday.2)Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.3)Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.4)Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.5)Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.3.with的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。其结构如下:(1)with+名词/代词宾格+介
4、词短语(2)with+名词/代词宾格+分词(3)with+名词/代词宾格+不定式(4)with+名词/代词宾格+形容词/副词(5)with+名词/代词宾格+名词e.g.1)Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.2)Theclassroomisverybrightwithallthelightsturnedon.3)Ican’tgoout,withalotofworktodo.4)Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.5)Hefoughtthetigerwithastickashisonlyweapon.4.
5、独立主格结构的句法功能(1)作时间状语Themeetingover,theyleftthehall.(2)作原因状语Mywatchhavingbeenlost,Ididn’tknowwhattimeitwas.(3)作条件状语Timepermitting,Ishallgotothecinemawithyou.(4)描述伴随行为或补充说明Maryenteredtheroom,withabigappleinherhand.Hestoodthere,withhishandsinhispockets.1.Rewritethefollowingsentences,makingthemmore
6、colloquial.1)Thelastbushavinggone,Ihadtowalkhome.Ihadtowalkhomebecausethelastbushadgone.Exercise2)Allpossibilitiesconsidered,Ithinkweoughttomakeadecision.Ithinkweoughttomakeadecisionafterconsideringallpossibilities.3)Allthedeskandchairshavingbeenmended,thecarpenterpackeduphistoolsandwenthome.T
7、hecarpenterpackeduphistoolsandwenthomeafterallthedesksandchairshadbeenmended.4)Allthecompositionshavingbeencollected,MissGaosenttheclasshome.MissGaosenttheclasshomeonceallthecompositionshadbeencollected.2.ReadandtranslatethepassageintoC