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1、IntroductiontoMicrobiology 1.WhatistheuniquefeaturesofMicroorganisms?1.1Smallsize,SimplestructureAntoniVanLeeuwenhock:Thewordmicroorganismisusedtodescribeanorganismthatissosmallthat,normally,itcannotbeseenwithoutuseofmicroscopy.ThelivingorganismsofmicroscopicsizeMostmicroorganismsareu
2、nicellularSomeofthemarenon -cellularstructure1.2Highdiversityspecies.Bacteria(actinomyce,algae,cyanobacteria)archaeafungi(yeast,mold)protozoaviruse1.3Widelydistributedinvariousenvironmentwithlargenumberssoil.109CFU/gwaterairplants,animals,humanbodyextremeenvironment,e.g.hotsprings1.4
3、Fastgrowing,easycultivationgenerationtime,min.-hr.1.5Easymutation2.Theplaceofmicroorganismsinthelivingworld2.1whittaker’sfivekingdomconcept(1969)KingdomplantaeKingdomanimaliaKingdomfungiKingdomprotistaKingdommoneraThisclassificationsystemwasbasedonnutrition,photosynthesis,absorptionan
4、dingestion.2.2Woese’sthreedomains(kingdoms)DomainbacteriaDomainArchaeaDomaineucarya3.ThescopeofmicrobiologyMicrobiologyisthestudyoflivingorganismsofmicroscopicsize,whichincludebacteria,fungi,algae,protozoaandviruses.Itisconcernedwiththeirmorphology,reproduction,physiology,metabolism,g
5、eneticsandclassification.Itincludesthestudyoftheirdistributionandfunctioninnature,theirrelationshiptoeachotherandtootherlivingorganisms,theireffectsonhumanbeings,animalsandplants.4.Whydowestudymicrobiology?Microorganismsaffectthewell-beingofpeopleinagreatmanyways.Theyoccurinlargenumbe
6、rsinmostnaturalenvironments.Someofthemarebeneficialandothersaredetrimental.4.1Thebeneficialaspects•InAgriculture•Microbialfertilizer•Biologicalcontrol29•SCP•Microbialenergy:methanegasforruralconsumption•Infoodproduction•yogurt,cheese,wine(alcoholfermentation)•foodingredients•Inenviron
7、mentprotection•treatmentofwastematerials•todecomposematerials:pesticides,herbicides•InBiochemicalindustry•Antibiotics•enzymes•Aminoacides•organicacids•inmedicine•Vaccine•Antibioticspenicillin•ThepotentialappliedareasofMicrobiology•GMORecombinantDNAtechnology•Microbialplastics•Microbia
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