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1、SelectedReadingJune23,2007PublicAdministrationByFrankMarinil.Theoccupationalsector,enterprises,andactivitieshavingtodowiththeformulationandimplementationofpolicyofgovernmentalandotherpublicprogramsandthemanagementoforganizationsandactivitiesinvolved・2.Theacademicfieldc
2、oncernedwiththestudyof,improvementof,andtrainingfortheactivitiesmentionedin1.Publicadministrationreferstotwodistinguishablebutcloselyrelatedactivitiesinvolved:(l)aprofessionalpractice(vocation,occupation,filedofactivity),and(2)andacademicfiledwhichseekstounderstand,dev
3、elop,criticize,andimprovethatprofessionalpracticeaswellastotrainindividualsforthatpractice.Thesimplemeaningofthetermisquitedirect:itrefersontheonehandtotheadministrationormanagementofmatterwhichhaveprincipallytodowiththesociety,polity,anditssubpartswhicharenotessential
4、lyprivate,familial,commercial,orindividualistic,andontheotherhandtothedisciplinedstudyofsuchmatters.Inthissimplestmeaning,publicadministrationhastodowithmanagingtherealmofgovernmentalandotherpublicactivities.Thissimpledefinitionconveystheessenceofpublicadministrationan
5、dprobablycoversthevastmajorityofactivitiesandconcernsofcontemporarypublicadministration.Suchasimpleview,though,needsmodificationtoaccountforatleasttowimportantconsiderations:First,itmustberecognizedthatprofessionalmanagementofthepublic^affairsinvolvesnotonlymanagementi
6、nthenarrowestsense(keepingthebooks,handlingpersonneldecision,implementingdecisionwhichhavebeenmadeelsewhereinthepolitico-socio-economicsystems,etc),butalsosignificantlyinvolvestheplanning,formulating,modifying,andurgingofgoalsandpurposesofmuchofpublicaffairs.Second,itm
7、ustberecognizedthatsomemattersofpublicadministrationarehandledinwayswhicharenotpurelybutarenotpreciselygovernmental.Thefirstconsideration-thatpublicadministrationisinvolvedinthesubstanceofpolicyaswellasintheimplementationofpolicydecisions-isfrequentlyalludedtowithterms
8、suchasthedemiseofthepolitics-administrationdichotomy,theimpossibilityofvalue-freepublicadministration,andtheneedforpr
