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1、层进法Climax1.Definition.“afigureofspeechinwhichanumberofpropositionsorideasaresetforthsoastoformaseriesinwhicheachrisesabovetheprecedinginforceoreffectivenessofexpression.”在形式上,构成层递至少要有三个语言单位,而且这些语言单位的结构要基本相同;在内容上,构成层递的各语言单位在意义上要有关联,且具有第次性,且按照由小渐大,由浅渐深,由低渐高,由少渐多,由弱渐强,层层递升。
2、Arhetoricalseriesofideas,images,etc.arrangedprogressivelysothatthemostforcefulislast.通过一系列观念、形象的修辞安排,逐步把意思往前推进,最有力量的放在最后2.结构2.1语义上由轻到重Hewholoseswealthlosesmuch;hewholosesafriendlosesmore;buthewholosescouragelosesall.失去财产的人损失很大,失去朋友的人损失更大,失去勇气的人损失一切。Toacquirewealthisdiffi
3、cult,topreserveitmoredifficult,buttospenditwiselymostdifficult.集财难,守财更难,而明智地花钱最难。2.2程度上由弱到强Thedrunkardsmashedtheglasses,upturnedthetable,andhitanoldwoman.醉汉打碎那些玻璃杯,掀翻餐桌,还打了一位老太太。Thegrasscaughtfire,spreadlikewildlife,andburntforthreedaysandnights,bringinglossofproperty,li
4、vestockandhumanlives.草地着火,像野火般迅速蔓延,烧了三天三夜,导致财产、牲畜和人的生命的损失。Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.Hisacquaintances,hisfriendsandevenhisfamilyturnedagainsthim,thetraitor.他的熟人、他的朋友、他的亲人都反对他这个叛徒。Theaudiencesmiled,chuckled,andfinallyhowled.
5、听众先是微笑,继而是窃窃而笑,最后捧腹大笑起来。2.3范围上有小到大Hegazedupontheprettyhouses,thegreenhillsandthebroadPacific;hisheartwasfilledwithcare.他凝视着美丽的房子,绿色的山岗和辽阔的太平洋;敬畏之情油然而生。Wecanseepigeonshere,there.everywhere.这里、那里、到处我们都可以看到鸽子。2.4时间上由先到后Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.我来了,我扫视一切,我征服一切。Threatenhim,impri
6、sonhim,torturehim,killhim;youwillnotinducehimtobetrayhiscountry.威胁他,监禁他,拷打他,处死他,这些都不能使他背叛自己的国家。Theprisonerwasfirstquestioned,thentortured,andfinallyshot.囚犯先是被审讯,然后遭到毒打,最后被枪决。2.5结构上由短到长I’msorry,Iamsoverysorry,Iamsoextremelysorry.(Chesterton)我抱歉,我很抱歉,我非常非常抱歉。Hehasgone,heha
7、sescaped,hehasbrokenaway.他走了,他逃跑了,他强行逃脱了。渐降法(突降)Anti-climax1.Definition.Thesuddentransitioninwritingorspeakingfromanideaofimportanceordignitytoanideatrialorludicrous,esp.atthecloseofaseries,sentenceorpassage.突降指的是语言表达的内容急转直下,从意义重大之事突然转为琐碎平淡之事,语气从严肃突然转为滑稽可笑,从而获得嘲笑、讽刺或滑稽幽默
8、的修辞效果。Arhetoricalseriesofideas,images,etc.arrangedprogressivelysothatthemostforcefulisinfront.2.举例说明Hel