Unit4CareerPlanning新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译.doc

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1、....Unit4CareerPlanningCareerPlanningCareerplanningdoesnotnecessarilyfollowroutineorlogicalsteps.Eachofusplacesweightondifferentfactorsandmayconsidercertainphasesofcareerplanningatdifferenttimes.Careerplanningincludesgatheringinformationaboutourselvesandabout

2、occupations,estimatingtheprobableoutcomesofvariouscoursesofaction,andfinally,choosingalternativesthatwefindattractiveandfeasible.Manyobservershavepointedoutthatstudentsarenotveryefficientcareerplanners.Theyciteevidencethat(1)moststudentschoosefromamongaveryna

3、rrowgroupofoccupations;(2)asmanyas40to60percentchooseprofessionaloccupations,wheninrealityonly15to18percentoftheworkforceisengagedinprofessionalwork;(3)youngmenshowastrikinglackofinterestinclerical,sales,andserviceoccupations,althoughthesefieldsoffermanyjobop

4、portunities;and(4)asmanyasathirdofthestudentsareunabletoexpressanychoiceofoccupation.IntheirbookDecisionMaking,IrvingJanisandLeonMannidentifyseriousflawsinthewaysmanypeoplemakedecisions.Theseflawsseemtobeassociatedwiththepatternspeopleusetocopewithproblems.Th

5、efirstflawiscomplacency.Peoplewhoignorechallenginginformationaboutthechoicestheymakedemonstratecomplacency.Peoplewhotaketheattitudethat"Itwon'taffectme"or"Itwillneverhappen"usecomplacencyasadominantpatternofbehaving.Ofcourse,complacencyisappropriateforanydeci

6、sioninwhichnothingmuchisatstake,butthatdoesnotdescribecareerdecisions.Asecondflawinthewaypeoplecopewithdecisionsisdefensiveavoidance.Whenconfrontedwithadecisionandunabletobelievetheycanfindanacceptablesolution,somepeopleremaincalmbyresortingtowishfulthinkingo

7、rdaydreaming.Studentswhofailtothinkabouttheimplicationsoftheircareerchoicesoftenengageinrationalization(deceivingoneselfwithself-satisfyingbutincorrectexplanationsforone'sbehavior)orprocrastination(puttingoffordelaying).Facingthesituationmayproduceanxiety,but

8、examiningalternativescouldalsobringrelief.Athirdflawishypervigilance.Thisoccursincareerdecisionmakingwhenpeoplebelievethereisnotenoughtimetofindasolutionandtheypanic.Theysearchfrantically