实用英文写作技巧.doc

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1、........第一单元段落简介1．1段落段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思：或描写事物（describesomething），或争论某事（argueaboutsomething），或对某事提出疑问（questionsomething），或要求什么（demandsomething），或给事物下定义（definesomething），或驳斥某观点（rejectsomething）。1．2典型段落的构成一个典型的段落通常由三部分组成：（1）主题句（thetopicsentence）；（2）说明或支持主题的推展句（supportingsentences）；（3）结论句（

2、theconcludingsentence）（有些段落没有该部分）。示范段落1-1Weallknowthatcigarettesmokingisadangeroushabitbecauseitcauseshealthproblems．Doctorssayitcanbeadirectcauseofcancerofthelungsandthroatandcanalsocontributetocancerofotherorgans．Inaddition，itcanbringaboutotherhealthproblemssuchasheartandlungdiseases．Itisc

3、learlyidentifiedasoneofthe.学习参考.........chiefcausesofdeathinoursociety．1．3示范段落分析这是一个典型的段落，可概括提纲如下：主题句：Weallknowthatcigarettesmokingisadangeroushabit，becauseitcauseshealthproblems．推展句：1．Doctorssayitcanbeadireccauseofcancerofthelungsandthroatandcanalsocontributetocancerofotherorgans．2．Itcanbri

4、ngaboutotherhealthproblemssuchasheartandlungdiseases．结论句：Itisclearlyidentifiedasoneofthechiefcausesofdeathinoursociety．从以上提纲可见，主题句提出了一个问题：Whatkindofhealthproblemsdoescigarettesmokingcause？随后的两个推展句回答了这个问题，结论句总结了推展句并再一次强调主题句。Exercise1-1.学习参考.........Directions：Readthefollowingparagraphsandfind

5、outthetopicsentence，thesupportingdetailsandtheconcludingsentence，ifthereisone．（1）Theneedforwildlifeprotectionisgreaternowthaneverbefore．Aboutathousandspeciesofanimalsareindangerofextinction,，andtherateatwhichtheyarebeingdestroyedhasincreased．Withmammals，forinstance，therateofextinctionisnowab

6、outonespecieseveryyear；fromA．D．1to1800，theratewasaboutonespecieseveryfiftyyears．Everywhere，menaretryingosolvetheproblemofpreservingwildlifewhilecaringatthesametimefortheworld’sgrowingpopulation．TopicSentence：Theneedforwildlifeprotectionisgreaternowthaneverbefore．Details：1．Aboutathousandspeci

7、esofanimalsareindangerofextinction,，andtherateatwhichtheyarebeingdestroyedhasincreased．2．Withmammals，forinstance，therateofextinctionisnowaboutonespecieseveryyear；fromA．D．1to1800，theratewasaboutonespecieseveryfiftyyears．ConcludingSentence：Everywhere