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1、Ellipsis省略什么叫省略?为了使语言简洁或避免重复,省略句中的一个或几个句子成分,这种语法现象称为省略。①简单句中的省略②并列句中的省略③状语从句中的省略④定语从句中省略⑤名词性从句中的省略⑥动词不定式的省略⑦介词的省略⑧使用so,not等时的省略省略的类型一、简单句的省略1.省略主语。i.e.(I)Begyourpardon.(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分。i.e.(Isthere)AnythingIcandoforyou?(Is)Anybodyhere?3.省略主语和谓语,或谓语的一部分。i.e.(Areyou)Hungry?(
2、Iwant)orangejuice,please.4.省略宾语或表语。i.e.①----WherehasMr.Smithgone?----Sorry,Idon’tknow(wherehehasgone).②----WhohasanEnglishdictionary?----Ihave.③----IamanEnglishteacher.----Iam,too.二、在由and或but连接的并列句中,为避免重复,常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语。i.e.Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisteacher.2.若主语不同
3、而谓语助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。i.e.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。i.e.Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主语不同,但谓语及后续部分相同,则省略谓语及后续部分。i.e.Iwasborninwinterin1998andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.5.省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。i.e.Hewaslat
4、ebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.三、状语从句中的省略1.在when,while,whenever,till/until,if,unless,assoonas,asif/though,than,as,whether等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it时,则省略从句主语和be动词。i.e.①Woodgivesmuchsmokewhile(woodis)burning.②Hisopinion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsi
5、dered.③I’llbuyaTVsetif(itis)possible.④If(itis)necessary,Iwillgo.⑤Don’tspeakuntil/till(youare)spokento.⑥Fewerpeoplecamethan(theywere)expected.⑦Pleasedotheworkas(youare)toldto.⑧Iwillnotgotothemeetingunless(Iam)invited.2.虚拟条件句常省略if,并将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。i.e.①Shouldtherebeaflood(=ifthereshould
6、beaflood),whatshouldwedo?②Hadhetakenmyadvice(=ifhehadtakenmyadvice),hewouldbeacollegestudentnow.③Wereshemydaughter(=ifsheweremydaughter),Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.四、定语从句中的省略1.在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词whom/who,which,that可省略i.e.①Heistheman(whom/who/that)youcansafelydependon.②Thebook(which/that)you
7、boughtisgood.2.theway作先行词在定语从句中作状语,可以用inwhich/that引导,也可以省略不用。i.e.①Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtalktoyourmother.五、在名词性从句中的省略1.在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that可以省略;若带有多个宾语从句,只有第一个that可以省略,其余的不省