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1、GermanRomanticismLIT181Hour12EnlightenmentLogic,reasonhaddominatedforthepasteightdecades.Wordslike“enthusiasm,”“imagination,”“fantasy,”andothershadverydifferentdefinitions,orwererelegatedtotherealmofthewack-o,bizarre,strange,andnot-to-beimitated.GermanClassicismGoetheandSchiller,Wielanda
2、ndHerder–inWeimarVeryfewartistsparticipatedAnewartisticpathforyoungbloodwasneeded!Europe–intellectuallystiflingformany.ArtbasedontheImaginationSomethingNEW!–politicallandscapeoftheworldRevolutions:America,FranceMajorchangesintheairNewPhilosophy!Withrevolutionsinpolitics&philosophycamenew
3、roomfornewideasandnewwaysoflookingattheuniverseTheWord“Romanticism”Hasnothingtodowithbeing“romantic,”exceptthatafavoriteRomanticthemeisloveRefersbacktomedieval'romance',anarrativeormythictaleaboutanindividual.Emphasizesthepoweroftheimagination,nature,andthevalueofemotionalandsubjectivewa
4、ysofexperiencingtheworld.Jean-JacquesRousseau(1712-78)Essay:(1749)“Hastheprogressofthesciencesandartscontributedtothecorruptionortotheimprovementofhumanconduct?”"Manisbornfree,andeverywhereheisinchains.Onemanthinkshimselfthemasterofothers,butremainsmoreofaslavethantheyare."(TheSocialCont
5、ract,1762)ImmanuelKant(1724-1804)Freesknowledgefromperceptionthroughsensesalone(CritiqueofPureReason,1781)Nottheobjectiveknowledgethatbecomesimportant,buttheprocessofitsacquisition.JohannGottliebFichte(1762-1814)Wissenschaftslehre(1794-99)Takesthisonestepfurtherinhis“Self-Philosophy”(Ich
6、-Philosophie”)Universe=“Ich”and“Nicht-Ich”(“Self”and“Non-Self”)The“Self”dreamstheuniverseJohannGottliebFichte(cont’d)TherelationshipbetweenSelfandNon-Selfisdynamic,andcreatesaeverlargerandmorepowerfulSelf.Themostadeptatthis=theartist.SUBJECTIVITY!FriedrichWilhelmJosephvonSchelling(1775-1
7、854)NaturphilosophieWorld-SpiritinhabitsnatureItcreatesunconsciouslyinnature,butconsciouslythroughtheartist.FriedrichDanielSchleiermacher(1768-1834)ReligionisanalogoustoartappreciationDevelopa“senseandtastefortheeternal”ActivesearchfortheinfinitewithinthefiniteAddressonRe
