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1、Words,meaningandvocabulary:AnintroductiontomodernEnglishlexicology1IntroductionWhattocover?????…MaincontentsWhatislexicology?WheredoEnglishwordscomefrom?ThewordWordformationMeaningrelationsWordsinuseInvestigatingvocabularyWordsindictionaries1.Whatislexicology?
2、Thischaptercovers:definitionoftheterm‘lexicology’lexicologyasaleveloflanguageanalysisthestructureofEnglishvocabulary1.1LexicologydefinedLexicology:thestudyoflexis,understoodasthestockofwordsinagivenlanguage,i.e.itsvocabularyorlexicon(fromGreeklexis,‘word’)Voca
3、bulary,lexis,lexicon:synonymousthefirstmorecolloquial,thethirdmorelearnedandtechnicalLexicologydealsnotonlywithsimplewordsinalltheiraspects,butalsowithcomplexandcompoundwords,themeaningunitsoflanguage.Relatedfields:Morphology:theformofwordsSemantics:themeaning
4、ofwordsEtymology:theoriginofwordsExercise1/1Examinethefollowingdefinitionsof“lexicology”.Whatdotheyagreeonasthescopeoflexicology?Andwheredotheydisagree?1.Anareaoflanguagestudyconcernedwiththenature,meaning,historyanduseofwordsandwordelementsandoftenalsowiththe
5、criticaldescriptionoflexicography.(McArthur(ed.)1992)2.Thestudyoftheoverallstructureandhistoryofthevocabularyofalanguage.(CollinsEnglishDictionary1998)3.Abranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththemeaninganduseofwords.(LongmanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage1991)4.Thest
6、udyoftheform,meaning,andbehaviourofwords.(NewOxfordDictionaryofEnglish2998)1.1.1MorphologyMorphology:thestudyofmorphemesandtheirarrangementsinformingwords.Morpheme:thesmallestmeaningfulunitswhichmaybewordsorpartsofwordse.g.cat,child,withcat+s,sleep+ing,arm+cha
7、ir+sfreemorpheme:thosethatcanoccuraloneasindividualwords(e.g.cat)boundmorpheme:thosethatoccuronlywithanothermorpheme(e.g.-ing)morphs:concreterealizationofamorphemeinagivenutterance(e.g.-s,-er)1.1.2SemanticsSemantics:thestudyofmeaning.Itsaimistoexplainanddescri
8、bemeaninginnaturallanguage.Philosophicalsemantics:isconcernedwiththelogicalpropertiesoflanguage,thenatureofformaltheories,andthelanguageoflogic.Linguisticsemantics:involvesallaspec
