The.MIT.Press.Words.without.Meaning.Jan.2003

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1、WordswithoutMeaningContemporaryPhilosophicalMonographsPeterLudlow,editor1.ASlimBookaboutNarrowContentGabrielM.A.Segal(2000)2.ComplexDemonstrativesJeffreyC.King(2001)3.WordswithoutMeaningChristopherGauker(2003)WordswithoutMeaningChristopherGaukerABradfordBookTheMITPressCambridge,Massachu

2、settsLondon,England©2003MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,record-ing,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ThisbookwassetinPalatinobySNP

3、Best-setTypesetterLtd.,HongKongandwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataGauker,Christopher.Wordswithoutmeaning/ChristopherGauker.p.cm.—(Contemporaryphilosophicalmonographs;3)“ABradfordbook.”Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.IS

4、BN0-262-07242-4(hc.:alk.paper)—ISBN0-262-57162-5(pbk.:alk.paper)1.Semantics.2.Languageandlanguages—Philosophy.3.Semantics(Philosophy).4.Pragmatics.I.Title.II.Series.P325.G3642003401¢.43—dc212002067839Tomyfather,ReidStiersGaukerThisPageIntentionallyLeftBlankContentsPrefaceixTheIssue1TheR

5、eceivedView32MentalRepresentation273ElementsofanAlternative49Pragmatics4DomainofDiscourse735Presupposition976Implicature121viiiContentsSemantics7Quantification1458Conditionals1679Truth191Beliefs10TheCommunicativeConception21511ExplanationandPrediction23712SemanticsandOntology259Afterword

6、281References287Index295PrefaceThisbookpresentsacritiqueof,andanalternativeto,thereceivedviewofthenatureoflinguisticcommunication.Accordingtothereceivedview,thefunctionoflanguageistoenablespeakerstorevealthepropositionalcontentsoftheirthoughtstohearers.Soconceived,linguisticcommu-nicati

7、oninvolvestwokindsofmeanings.First,therearethemeaningsthatspeakersexpress.Thesearethepropositionalcontentsofthethoughtsthatspeakersintendtorevealtohearers.Second,therearethemeaningsthatwordspos-sess.Byvirtueofthese,aspeaker’swordsexpressacom-pletepropositioninthecontextinwhicht