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1、Simile（明喻）Simileinvolvesanexplicitcomparisonbetweentwodissimililarthingstopointoutasimililarity.Sinceitisusuallyindicatedbysuchwordsas“like”,“as”,or“asif”,itiseasiertoberecognized.•Omyloveislikeared,redrose.•Thatmancann’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel.•Thatoldman’shairisaswhiteassnow.•TheUnit
2、edNations,likeamirror,reflectsthechangingscenesoftheinternationallandscape.Astheworldpoliticalstructurechangedfromtimetotime,theUnitedNationshasalsoundertakenabumpyandtortuousjourney.(JiangZemin)Metaphor（暗喻）Itistheuseofawordwhichoriginallydenotesonethingtorefertoanotherwithasimilarquality.Itis
3、alsoacomparison,butthecomparisonisimplied,notexpressedwiththeword“as”or“like”.•Thepictureofthosepoorpeople’sliveswascarvedsosharplyinhisheartthathecouldneverforgetit.•Allhisformerjoywasdrownedintheembarrassmentandconfusionhewasfeelingatthemoment.•-Alltheworld'sastage,-Andallthemenandwomenmerel
4、yplayers;-Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances.Personification(拟人)Itistotreatathingoranideaasifitwerehumanorhadhumanqualities.•Youthishotandbold,Ageisweakandcold,Youthiswild,andageistame.(WilliamShakespeare)•Thistimefatewassmilingtohim.•Thunderroaredandapouringrainstarted.•Duskcamestealthily.Eu
5、phemism(委婉表达）Itisthesubstitutionofamildorvagueexpressionforaharshorunpleasantone.•todietopassaway,toleaveus;kickthebucket•oldpeopleseniorcitizen•invasionmilitaryaction•dustmansanitationworkerIrony(反语）Itistheuseofwordswhichareclearlyoppositetowhatismeant,inordertoachieveaspecialeffect.•Supposey
6、ouplannedanoutingonacertainday,expectingittobefine,butwhenthedaycameitwasrainingheavily.Ifyousaid“Whatfineweatherforanouting!”youwerespeakingironically.•Ifabarbarousactwascalled“civilizedorcultural”,ironywasused.Overstatement＆understatement（夸张）（含蓄陈述）Inoverstatementthedictionexaggeratesthesubje
7、ct,andinunderstatementthewordsplaydownthemagnitudeorvalueofthesubject.OverstatementisalsocalledHyperbole.•Sheisdyingtoknowwhatjobhasbeenassignedher.•Belindasmiles,andalltheworldwasgay.•Onhearingthathehadbeenadmittedtothatfamousuniversit
