霉菌的形态特征.ppt

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1、实验九霉菌的形态观察与鉴定(霉菌的无性孢子和有性孢子的形态观察)一、教学要求学习并掌握观察霉菌形态的基本方法。二、实验原理霉菌的形态Moldsaremultinucleated,filamentousfungicomposedofhyphae.Ahyphaisabranching,tubularstructurefrom2-10µmindiameterandisusuallydividedintocell-likeunitsbycrosswallscalledsepta.Thetotalmassofhyphaeistermeda

2、mycelium.Theportionofthemyceliumthatanchorsthemoldandabsorbsnutrientsiscalledthevegetativemycelium;theportionthatproducesasexualreproductivesporesistermedtheaerialmyceliumMoldsreproduceprimarilybymeansofasexualreproductivesporessuchasconidiospores,sporangiospores,and

3、arthrospores.Thesesporesaredisseminatedbyair,water,animalsorobjectsanduponlandingonasuitableenvironment,germinateandproducenewhyphae.Moldsmayalsoreproducebymeansofsexualsporessuchasascosporesandzygospores,butthisisnotcommon.Theformandmannerinwhichthesporesareproduced

4、,alongwiththeappearanceofthehyphaeandmycelium,providethemaincriteriaforidentifyingandclassifyingmolds.BreadMoldSporesonFungalFruitingStructure,Rhizopussp.(SEMx2,990)FungalMyceliumwithSpores,Penicilliumsp.(SEMx3,220)BlackMold,Aspergillusvariecolor.(SEMx2,315)观察方法直接制片观

5、察，载玻片培养观察，玻璃纸培养观察材料与器材菌种：曲霉(Aspergillussp.),青霉，根霉(Rhizopussp.)和(Mucorsp.)培养2-5d的马铃薯琼脂平板培养物.试剂：乳酸石炭酸棉蓝染色液无菌吸管，平皿，载玻片，显微镜等四操作程序直接制片观察于洁净载玻片上，滴一滴乳酸石炭酸液于载片中央，用解剖针从霉菌菌落的边缘处取小量带有孢子的菌丝置于液滴中，再细心地将菌丝挑散开，然后小心地盖上盖玻片，注意不要产生气泡。置显微镜下先用低倍镜观察，必要时再换高倍镜。五注意事项挑菌和制片时要细心，尽可能保持霉菌自然生长状态。加盖

6、玻片时切勿压入气泡，以免影响观察。六思考题青霉和曲霉的形态有哪些异同？要观察构巢曲霉的闭囊壳，制片时要注意哪些问题？