案例分析发达国家和发展中国家的贸易条件.ppt

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1、Chapter5TheStandardTradeModelIntroductionAStandardModelofaTradingEconomyInternationalTransfersofIncome:ShiftingtheRDCurveTariffsandExportSubsidies:SimultaneousShiftsinRSandRDSummaryAppendix:RepresentingInternationalEquilibriumwithOfferCurves1Introduct

2、ionPrevioustradetheorieshaveemphasizedspecificsourcesofcomparativeadvantagewhichgiverisetointernationaltrade:Differencesinlaborproductivity(Ricardianmodel)Differencesinresources(specificfactorsmodelandHeckscher-Ohlinmodel)Thestandardtrademodelisagener

3、almodeloftradethatadmitsthesemodelsasspecialcases.25-1AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyThestandardtrademodelisbuiltonfourkeyrelationships:ProductionpossibilityfrontierandtherelativesupplycurveRelativepricesandrelativedemandWorldrelativesupplyandworldrel

4、ativedemandTermsoftradeandnationalwelfare3ProductionPossibilitiesandRelativeSupplyAssumptionsofthemodel:Eachcountryproducestwogoods,food(F)andcloth(C)Eachcountry’sproductionpossibilityfrontierisasmoothcurve(TT)Thepointonitsproductionpossibilityfrontie

5、ratwhichaneconomyactuallyproducesdependsonthepriceofclothrelativetofood,PC/PF.Isovaluelines(P94)Linesalongwhichthemarketvalueofoutputisconstant4Figure5-1:RelativePricesDeterminetheEconomy’sOutput(P95)QIsovaluelinesTTClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QF

6、5Figure5-2:HowanIncreaseintheRelativePriceofClothAffectsRelativeSupply(P96)Q1VV1(PC/PF)1Q2VV2(PC/PF)2TTClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QF6RelativePricesandDemandThevalueofaneconomy'sconsumptionequalsthevalueofitsproduction:PCQC+PFQF=PCDC+PFDF=VTheeco

7、nomy’schoiceofapointontheisovaluelinedependsonthetastesofitsconsumers,whichcanberepresentedgraphicallybyaseriesofindifferencecurves.7Indifferencecurves(P96)EachtracesasetofcombinationsoftwogoodsconsumptionthatleavetheindividualequallywelloffTheyhaveth

8、reeproperties:DownwardslopingThefartherupandtotherighteachlies,thehigherthelevelofwelfaretowhichitcorrespondsEachgetsflatteraswemovetotheright8TTFigure5-3:Production,Consumption,andTradeintheStandardModel(P97)Clothproduction,QCFoodproduction,Q