案例分析发达国家和发展中国家的贸易条

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1、Chapter5TheStandardTradeModelIntroductionAStandardModelofaTradingEconomyInternationalTransfersofIncome:ShiftingtheRDCurveTariffsandExportSubsidies:SimultaneousShiftsinRSandRDSummaryAppendix:RepresentingInternationalEquilibriumwithOfferCurves1Introductio

2、nPrevioustradetheorieshaveemphasizedspecificsourcesofcomparativeadvantagewhichgiverisetointernationaltrade:Differencesinlaborproductivity(Ricardianmodel)Differencesinresources(specificfactorsmodelandHeckscher-Ohlinmodel)Thestandardtrademodelisageneralmo

3、deloftradethatadmitsthesemodelsasspecialcases.25-1AStandardModelofaTradingEconomyThestandardtrademodelisbuiltonfourkeyrelationships:ProductionpossibilityfrontierandtherelativesupplycurveRelativepricesandrelativedemandWorldrelativesupplyandworldrelatived

4、emandTermsoftradeandnationalwelfare3ProductionPossibilitiesandRelativeSupplyAssumptionsofthemodel:Eachcountryproducestwogoods,food(F)andcloth(C)Eachcountry’sproductionpossibilityfrontierisasmoothcurve(TT)Thepointonitsproductionpossibilityfrontieratwhich

5、aneconomyactuallyproducesdependsonthepriceofclothrelativetofood,PC/PF.Isovaluelines(P94)Linesalongwhichthemarketvalueofoutputisconstant4Figure5-1:RelativePricesDeterminetheEconomy’sOutput(P95)QIsovaluelinesTTClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QF5Figure5-2

6、:HowanIncreaseintheRelativePriceofClothAffectsRelativeSupply(P96)Q1VV1(PC/PF)1Q2VV2(PC/PF)2TTClothproduction,QCFoodproduction,QF6RelativePricesandDemandThevalueofaneconomy'sconsumptionequalsthevalueofitsproduction:PCQC+PFQF=PCDC+PFDF=VTheeconomy’schoice

7、ofapointontheisovaluelinedependsonthetastesofitsconsumers,whichcanberepresentedgraphicallybyaseriesofindifferencecurves.7Indifferencecurves(P96)EachtracesasetofcombinationsoftwogoodsconsumptionthatleavetheindividualequallywelloffTheyhavethreeproperties:

8、DownwardslopingThefartherupandtotherighteachlies,thehigherthelevelofwelfaretowhichitcorrespondsEachgetsflatteraswemovetotheright8TTFigure5-3:Production,Consumption,andTradeintheStandardModel(P97)Clothproduction,QCFoodproduction,Q