国外教育心理学课件2-概念概念概述amberk.ppt

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1、Heredityvs.EnvironmentinIntelligenceEDPSYC302IntelligenceIntelligenceisaconceptthatinvolvesalltypesofcognitiveprocessesTraditionallycognitivepsychologistshaveviewedintelligenceasLearningfromexperienceandadaptingtotheenvironmentUnderstandingandcontrollingone’sowncognitiveprocessesHeredityvs.Envir

2、onmentNaturevs.NurtureSirFrancisGaltonSirFrancisGaltoninthelate19thCenturystudiedfamilyhistoriesandconcludedthatsuccess&eminenceraninfamiliesovergenerationsGaltondiscountedtheadvantagesofsuperiorschoolingandsocialadvantagesandproposedthateminenceraninfamiliesbecauseintelligencewaspassedfromgenerat

3、iontogeneration.SirFrancisGaltonGaltonpublishedhisfindingsinhis1869bookHereditaryGeniusandiscreditedwithcoiningthetermnaturevs.nurture.AlthoughGalton’stestsforintelligencewerenotsuccessfulhecreatedaninterestinintelligencethateventuallysetthestageforbreakthroughsbysubsequentinvestigators.Heredity&I

4、ntelligenceIntelligenceisclearlyafamilycharacteristic.Heritabilityaccountsforconsiderableamountoftotalvarianceingeneralcognitiveability.DifferentcognitiveabilitiesareinfluencedbysamegeneticfactorsHeredity&IntelligenceGeneticresearchhasmadeimportantdiscoveriesduringlastfewdecades.Generalcognitiveab

5、ility=ggrunsinfamiliesAdoption&twinstudies-identicaltwinsrearedapartarealmostassimilarforgasidenticaltwinsrearedtogether.-Galton’stwinstudiesin1876-studiedhowsimilarityoftwinschangesovercourseofdevelopment-heritabilityincreasesfrominfancytoadulthoodHeredityvs.EnvironmentBothEnvironment&Heredityare

6、importantinthedevelopmentofintelligence.The“epigenetic”modelproposesthataninteractionofbothenvironmentandheredityisnecessaryforanindividualtoachievetheirfullpotential.However,TwinStudiesdosupportthehypothesisthatintelligenceisageneticcharacteristicTwinStudiesIdenticaltwinstendtohavemoresimilarIQsc

7、oresthanfraternaltwinsdo.Thisisalsotruewhenidenticaltwinsareraisedindifferenthomes.Cognitivedevelopmentofadoptivechildrenmorecloselyresemblesthatoftheirbiologicalparentsthantheiradoptiveparents.Heredityvs.Environ