新编英语语法教程第19-22讲.ppt

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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词具有双重性质:1)动词性质havebreakfastfastHavingbreakfastfastisbadforhealth.2)非动词性质,即名词及形容词性质Toseeistobelieve.Thegirlstandingthereismysister.非谓语动词的类型1)不定式infinitive具有名词及形容词性2)动名词gerund具有名词词性3)现在分词presentparticiple具有形容词词性4)过去分词pastparticiple具有形容词词性具有名词词性的非谓语动词,即不定式,动名词,可作句子主语,宾语,表语等两者作主语时的差异

2、1)不定式强调结果,动名词强调过程Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.2)不定式侧重具体某次动作,动名词指抽象多次动作Tosmokesomuchisnotgoodforyou.Smokingisnotgoodforourhealth.3)在含有no,-less等否定词的句子中,一般都用动名词作真实主语.Itisnouseaskingheradvice.4)在某些名词或形容词后,用动名词作真实主语.It’sawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatters.Itisworthwhilewaitingforanother2da

3、ys.awasteoftime/anawfuljob/notaneasywork/good/better/interesting/fun/odd/enjoyable/worthwhile5)在某些名词或形容词后,用不定式作真实主语Itisveryimportanttoreadaloudinlearningaforeignlanguage.Itisconsiderateofyoutogivemeahand.important/easy/hard/difficult/niceclever/foolish/wrong/considerate/rude/impolite/plea

4、sure/mistake/pity/shame/honor6)therebe句型的一种特殊情况Therebenodoingsth.=ItisimpossibletodosthThereisnotellingwhatwouldbethepunishmentatthemoment.7)表语和主语应平衡Toliveistostruggle.Livingisstruggling.非谓语动词作宾语1)不定式是“未发生”或“将发生”而动名词是“已完成”remembertoturnoffthelightrememberturningoffthelight2)部分动词只用不定式作其宾语a

5、imto/arrangeto/askto/affordto/agreeto/applyto/begto/claimto/chooseto/dareto/decideto/declineto/demandto/desireto/determineto/endeavorto/expectto/pretendto/proceedto/promiseto/refuseto/requestto/resolveto/seekto/striveto/swearto/undertaketo/volunteerto/wishtoHeexpectedtoseehimatonce.Ican’t

6、affordtobuyahousenow.3)部分动词只用动名词作宾语acknowledge/admit/advise/advocate/allow/anticipate/appreciate/avoid/complete/confess/consider/contemplatedefer/delay/deny/detest/endure/enjoy/escape/evade/excuse/fancy/forbid/favor/finish/imagine/include/involve/justify/mention/mind/miss/necessitate/pard

7、on/permit/postpone/practice/prevent/quit/recall/renounce/require/resent/resume/risk/stand/suggest/warrant/can’thelpIcan’thelplaughing.Itrytoavoidmeetingher.4)既可接不定式，又可接动名词作宾语的动词like/dislike/love/hate/prefer/begin/start/forget/continue/cease/attempt/propose/want/need