寡头垄断与粘性价格.ppt

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1、OligopolyChapter16-2ModelsofOligopolyBehaviorNosinglegeneralmodelofoligopolybehaviorexists.OligopolyAnoligopolyisamarketstructurecharacterizedby:FewfirmsEitherstandardizedordifferentiatedproductsDifficultentryInterdependenceAkeycharacteristicofoligopoliesisthateachfirmcanaffectthemar

2、ket,makingeachfirm’schoicesdependentonthechoicesoftheotherfirms.Theyareinterdependent.CharacteristicsOligopolyOligopoliesaremadeupofasmallnumberofmutuallyinterdependentfirms.Eachfirmmusttakeintoaccounttheexpectedreactionofotherfirms.InterdependenceTheimportanceofinterdependenceisthat

3、itleadstostrategicbehavior.StrategicbehavioristhebehaviorthatoccurswhenwhatisbestforAdependsuponwhatBdoes,andwhatisbestforBdependsuponwhatAdoes.Oligopolisticbehaviorincludesbothruthlesscompetitionandcooperation.GameTheoryStrategicbehaviorhasbeenanalyzedusingthemathematicaltechniqueso

4、fgametheory.Gametheoryprovidesadescriptionofoligopolisticbehaviorasaseriesofstrategicmovesandcountermoves.CharacteristicsofOligopolyOligopoliesaremadeupofasmallnumberoffirmsinanindustryOligopolisticfirmsaremutuallyinterdependentInanydecisionafirmmakes,itmusttakeintoaccounttheexpected

5、reactionofotherfirmsOligopoliescanbecollusiveornoncollusiveFirmsmayengageinstrategicdecisionmakingwhereeachfirmtakesexplicitaccountofarival’sexpectedresponsetoadecisionitismaking16-8ModelsofOligopolyBehaviorThereisnosinglemodelofoligopolybehaviorThecartelmodeliswhenacombinationoffirm

6、sactsasifitwereasinglefirmandamonopolypriceissetAnoligopolymodelcantaketwoextremes:Thecontestablemarketmodelisamodelofoligopolieswherebarrierstoentryandexit,notmarketstructure,determinepriceandoutputdecisionsandacompetitivepriceissetOthermodelsofoligopoliesgivepriceresultsbetweenthet

7、woextremes16-9TheCartelModelAcartelmodelofoligopolyisamodelthatassumesthatoligopoliesactasiftheywereamonopolyandsetapricetomaximizeprofitOutputquotasareassignedtoindividualmemberfirmssothattotaloutputisconsistentwithjointprofitmaximizationIfoligopoliescanlimittheentryofotherfirms,the

8、ycanincrease