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Chap 8 Application：The Costs of Taxation.ppt

Chap 8 Application：The Costs of Taxation.ppt

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时间：2020-01-13

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1、Application: TheCostsofTaxationChapter8TheCostsofTaxationHowdotaxesaffecttheeconomicwell-beingofmarketparticipants?Unit1howaTaxAffectsWelfareUnit2deadweightlossandElasticitiesUnit3deadweightLossandTaxRevenueUnit1HowaTaxAffectsWelfarePrice0QuantityQua

2、ntitywithouttaxSupplyDemandPricewithouttaxPricebuyerspayQuantitywithtaxSizeoftaxPricesellersreceiveAtaxplacesawedgebetweenthepricebuyerspayandthepricesellersreceive.Becauseofthistaxwedge,thequantitysoldfallsbelowthelevelThesizeofthemarketforthatgoods

3、hrinks.Price0QuantityQuantitywithouttaxSupplyDemandPricesellersreceiveQuantitywithtaxSizeoftax(T)Quantitysold(Q)TaxRevenue(TxQ)PricebuyerspayQuantity0PriceDemandSupplyQ1ABCFDEQ2Taxreducesconsumersurplusby(B+C)andproducersurplusby(D+E)Taxrevenue=(B+D)

4、DeadweightLoss=(C+E)Pricebuyerspay=PBP1Pricewithouttax=PSPricesellersreceive=ChangesinWelfare fromaTaxWithoutTaxWithTaxChangeConsumerSurplusA+B+CA-(B+C)ProducerSurplusD+E+FF-(D+E)TaxRevenuenoneB+D+(B+D)TotalSurplusA+B+C+D+E+FA+B+D+F-(C+E)TheareaC+Esh

5、owsthefallintotalsurplusandisthedeadweightlossofthetax.Taxeshaveadeadweightlossbecausetheycausebuyerstoconsumelessandsellerstoproduceless.Unit2DeadweightlossandElasticitiesWhatthedeterminantsofdeadweightloss?dependsonthepriceelasticitiesofsupplyandde

6、mand.QuantityPriceDemandSupply0Whensupplyisrelativelyinelastic,thedeadweightlossofataxissmall.(a)InelasticSupplySizeoftaxQuantityPriceDemandSupply0SizeoftaxWhensupplyisrelativelyelastic,thedeadweightlossofataxislarge.(b)ElasticSupplyQuantityPriceDema

7、ndSupply0Whendemandisrelativelyinelastic,thedeadweightlossofataxissmall.(c)InelasticDemandSizeoftaxQuantityPriceDemandSupply0SizeoftaxWhendemandisrelativelyelastic,thedeadweightlossofataxislarge.(d)ElasticDemandConclusion:Thegreatertheelasticities:th

8、elargerwillbethedeclineinquantitythegreaterthedeadweightlossofatax,thegreatertaxdistortion.Unit3DeadweightLossandTaxRevenueWhenthetaxsizechanges,whathappenedtothedeadweightlossandtaxrevenue?PBQuantityQ20PriceQ1DemandSupplyTaxrevenuePSDeadweightloss(a

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