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1、动词和动词词组第10讲动词分类（一）1，按其在动词词组中所起的作用分：主动词和助动词｛主动词:又叫实义动词，能独立作句子谓语成分简单动词词组复杂动词词组助动词｛Examples:1.Theworkersreceivedaraiselastyear.2.Theyhavebeentakingmusiclessons.3.Heneedn'thavebeenwaitingintherain.基本助动词：be,do,have情态助动词can,could,may,might,will,would,shall,should,need,must,dar
2、e,dared,oughtto,usedto半助动词:haveto,seemto,beaboutto,bedueto,begoingto,bemeantto,bemeantto,besupposedto等.一，基本助动词be1.be通常用来协助主动词构成进行体和被动态IamlisteningtoaBeethovensymphonyThestudentswerepraisedbytheprincipledo1.do通常用来协助主动词表示否定意义或构成疑问句Mywifedoesn’tknowRussianDoyouagreewithme?2
3、.do用来加强语气，起强调作用Youdolookwell3.do用作代词---DoyoulikeBeijing?---Yes,Ido(do代替likeBeijing)4.构成否定祈使句时，只用do，而不用does和didDon’tbesoabsent-minded5.do用作实义动词，译为“做”Janewasdoingthedisheswhenhermothercamebackhave1.have通常用来协调主动词构成完成体或完成进行体JoanhasseenthatmovieIhavebeenworkingherefor20years2
4、.have做实义动词，译为“有”I’msorryIcan’tplaywithyou,becauseIhavesomanythingstodo二，情态助动词14个：can/could,may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,oughtto,dare/dared,need,usedtoExamples:1.Itmaysnowbeforenightfall.2.Wouldyouletmeuseyourpenforaminute?3.Ifshebecameamoviestar,shecouldafforda
5、newhome.注意：情态动词过去时形式并不一定就表示过去时间情态动词不能叠加使用，其后接的是动词原形三，半助动词半助动词是兼有主动词和助动词特征的语法结构，常见的有haveto,seemto,beaboutto,bedueto,begoingto,bemeantto,besupposedto，bewillingto,belikelyto,beunableto等,既可与主动词搭配构成复杂动词词组表示情态意义，从而像情态动词，又可与其他助动词搭配，像是主动词Examples:1.Ihavetobuyanewcar.2.Youwillhav
6、etosellyourhouse.｛及物动词不及物动词连系动词2.按是否须跟有补足成分以及须跟什么样的补足成分分一，及物动词1.及物动词后须带宾语，有些可带双宾语,JohnisplayingcricketThenewlampgaveusmorelight2.有些及物动词在一定上下文中既要带宾语，也要带状语2.按是否须跟有补足成分以及须跟什么样的补足成分分一，及物动词1.及物动词后须带宾语，有些可带双宾语,JohnisplayingcricketThenewlampgaveusmorelight2.有些及物动词在一定上下文中既要带宾语，也
7、要带状语Iputthebookontheshelf二，不及物动词1.不及物动词之后不带宾语，但有些不及物动词在一定上下文中须带状语，否则意义完全不同Example1.Thepresidentisspeaking2.Frankcheatsatpoker三，连系动词1.连系动词之后带主语补语Example1.Thatsoundlikeagoodidea2.Thefishsmellsawful补充：（1）状态系动词：be（2）持续系动词：keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand等（3）表象系动词：seem,appear,
8、look等（4）感官系动词：fell,smell,sound,taste等（5）变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run等（6）终止系动词：prove,turn
