资源描述：
《Irony paradox innuendo 反语 反论 暗讽.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Irony(反语)DefinitionsHenryWatsonFowler,inTheKing'sEnglish,says“anydefinitionofirony—thoughhundredsmightbegiven,andveryfewofthemwouldbeaccepted—mustincludethis,thatthesurfacemeaningandtheunderlyingmeaningofwhatissaidarenotthesame."Also,EricPartridge,inUsageandAbusage,writesthat
2、"Ironyconsistsinstatingthecontraryofwhatismeant."Verbalironyisastatementinwhichthemeaningthataspeakeremploysissharplydifferentfromthemeaningthatisostensiblyexpressed.Theironicstatementusuallyinvolvestheexplicitexpressionofoneattitudeorevaluation,butwithindicationsintheoverall
3、speech-situationthatthespeakerintendsaverydifferent,andoftenopposite,attitudeorevaluation.(说话人利用词汇、语法手段表示明显的反意)Forexample:assoftasconcreteasclearasmud"aspleasantandrelaxedasacoiledrattlesnake"(KurtVonnegutfromBreakfastofChampions)Itmustbedelightfultofindoneselfinaforeigncount
4、rywithoutapennyinone’spocket.Thedaywasasnormalasagroupofsealswithwingsridingaroundonunicycles,assumingthatyoulivedsomeplacewherethatwasverynormal."CircumstantialIrony(alsocallIronyofFate)指由于事态的发展同某人原来的意料或期待相反而造成的一种嘲弄Forexample:InO.Henry'sstoryTheGiftoftheMagi,ayoungcouplearet
5、oopoortobuyeachotherChristmasgifts.Thewifecutsoffhertreasuredhairtosellittoawig-makerformoneytobuyherhusbandachainforhisheirloompocketwatch.She'sshockedwhenshelearnshehadpawnedhiswatchtobuyherasetofcombsforherlong,beautiful,prizedhair.Dramaticironyappliesmainlytodrama,andhast
6、odowiththeplotandstructureofaplay.Inthistypeofirony,theaudienceisawareofsomethingwhichacharacteronthestageisstillignorantof.(同CircumstantialIrony密切相关，区别在于它往往指作者对IronyofFate叙述中带总结性的画龙点睛之笔，突出戏剧性的转变)Forexample:InRomeoandJuliet,theothercharactersinthecastthinkJulietisdead,butthea
7、udienceknowssheonlytookasleepingpotion.InCityLightstheaudienceknowsthatCharlieChaplin'scharacterisnotamillionaire,buttheblindflowergirl(VirginiaCherrill)believeshimtoberich.反语线索主要表现为3个特点：1.形式与内容之间不协调，或辞面意义和辞里含义之间形成反差；2.口气与内容之间的反衬；3.词语的异常搭配或突降、相关等辞格的出现都可能是反语的标志。EX.(判断句子是否用了反语的
8、修辞) Conscienceistheinnervoicewhichwarnsusthatsomeonemaybelooking.(Ye
