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1、TheParadoxofHappinessIt'splancommonsense-~themorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It'splaincommonseine,butit'snottrue.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallyflipsidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindepende
2、ntly.You'dthinkthatthehigheraperson'slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa,"saysEdwardDiener,aUniversityofIllinoisprofessorofpsychologywhohasdonemuchofthenewworkonpositiveandnegativeemotions.ButwhenDienerandotherresearchersmeasurepeople'saveragelevelsofhappin
3、essandunhappiness,~theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscancoexistmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemay
4、wellmakeyoulessmiserablebutprobablywon'tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies)Ontheotherhand,researchershavefound,happinessdoesn'tappeartobeanyone'sheritage.Thecapacityforjo
5、yisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.Psychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeeling--happinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.They'vealsobeguntofindoutwho'shappy,whoisn't,andwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn'tfoundasimplerecipeforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsand
6、attitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.Inanumberofstudiesofidenticalandfraternaltwins,researchershaveexaminedtherolegeneticsplaysinhappinessandunhappiness.Theworksuggeststhatalthoughnooneisreallyborntobehappy,sadnessmayruninfamilies.InoneUniversityofSouther
7、nCalifornia3study,psychologistLauraBakerandcolleaguescompared899individualswhohadtakenseveralcommonlyusedtestsforhappinessandunhappiness.Themenandwomenincluded105pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsaswellasgrandparents,parentsandyoungadultoffspringfrommorethan200otherfamilies."Familym
8、embers,"Bakerreports,"rese
