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ID:48027347
大小:1.19 MB
页数:19页
时间:2020-01-11
《inflection_词的屈折(曲折).ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Inflection词的屈折DefinitionInflectionisvariationintheformofaword,typicallybymeansofanaffix(词缀),thatexpressesagrammaticalcontrastwhichisobligatoryforthestem’s(词干)wordclassinsomegivengrammaticalcontext.Inflectionalaffixes屈折词缀inflection:themanifestationofgrammaticalrelationshipthroughtheadditionofinflec
2、tionalaffixes,suchasnumber,person,finiteness,aspectandcase,whichdonotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestemstowhichtheyareattached.屈折变化:屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀的语法关系的表现,如数、人称、有定性、体、格,屈折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectionalInflectionalaffixes屈折词缀加在词干的后边,传递
3、不同的语法关系或语法范畴,如数、时、格等。如books中的-s是屈折词缀,传递复数;wiser中的-er是屈折词缀,传递比较级概念,等。Inflectionisaprocesswhichcombineswordsandaffixes(alwayssuffixesinEnglish)toproducedifferentwordformsofthesamelexeme.Inflectionalmorphologyoccurswithnouns,pronounsandverbs.Innouns,inflectionmarkspluralityinregularnouns:Inflectiona
4、ndDerivationSumup,inflectionisaprocesswhichproducesdifferentwordformsofthesamelexeme;whereasderivationcreatesnewwordsIfderivationandinflectionco-occurs,derivationsareinner,closertothestem,andinflectionsareouter,furthestfromthestem.ExampleBase+Derivation+Inflectionfrightenedfright-en-edactivatingac
5、t-ate-ingpaymentspay-ment-sresignationsresign-ation-sDerivationistheformationofanewwordorinflectablestemfromanotherwordorstem.Ittypicallyoccursbytheadditionofanaffix. Thederivedwordisoftenofadifferentwordclassfromtheoriginal.Derivationalaffixes(派生词缀)A)prefix:Aprefixcomesbeforewords.B)suffix:Apre
6、fixcomesafterwords前缀出现在单词的前边。前缀的主要功能是改变词干的语义,一般来说前缀不改变词的词性,如,当我们在friendly前边加上un-时,它的语义发生了改变,但是单词的词性不变。但是,也有一些例外情况,如:unearth,enlarge,prewar等。后缀加在词干的后边。后缀主要改变词性,也可以改变语义的功能。TypesofderivationalaffixesDerivationalaffixesareoftwokinds:word-classchangingandword-classmaintaining.Nominalizersareusedtoformn
7、ounsVerbalizersareusedtoformverbsAdjectivizersareusedtoformadjectivesAdverbializersareusedtoformadverbsNominalizerVerbAffixNounAdj.AffixNounleak-ageleakageaccurate-yaccuracygovern-mentgovernmentsocial-istsocialis
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