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1、外科学肛管简答题(Surgery,analcanal,briefanswer)1describetheinjuryprincipleandcommonoperationmethodsofrectalcancerClinicalmanifestationsof2hemorrhoids3commonsurgicalproceduresandindicationsofrectalcancer?Indicationsofsphincterpreservingsurgeryfor4rectalcancer.clinicalAnatomicalsignificaneeof5d
2、entatelineanditssignificanee6.Whatarethespacesaroundtherectumandanalcanal?7briefdescriptionofhowrectalcancerstaging?(modifiedDukesstaging)8attentionshouldbepaidtorectaldigitalexamination9whataretheclinicalmanifestationsofrectalcancer?10classificationandclinicalmanifestationofcoloncanc
3、er11generalclassificationandclinicalmanifestationofrectalcancer12clinicalfeaturesofperianalabscess13degreehemorrhoids1surgicalprinciplesofrectalcancer:Clinically,rectalcancerisdividedintolowrectalcancer(within5cmofthedentateline),middlerectalcancer(5〜10cmfromthedentateline),andhighrec
4、talcancer(10cmabovethedentateline)Thetreatmentprincipleismainlysurgicalresection,supplementedbyradiotherapy,chemotherapyandothercomprehensivetreatment.Wherecantheresectionofrectalcancerwithoutsurgicalcontraindicationsshouldbeperformedasearlyaspossibleradicalresectionofrectalcancerrese
5、ction,includingcancer,intestinalsegments,hasenoughendsofinvasionofadjacentorgansinwholeorinpart,maybearoundtheinfiltrationofthetissueandtotalmesorectalexcision・Ifradicalresectionisnotperformed,palliativeresectionshouldalsobeperformedtorelievesymptoms.Ifaccompaniedbyresectablelivermeta
6、stases,livermetastasesshouldberemovedatthesametimeThechoiceofsurgicalmethodsisbasedonthelocation,size,mobility,celldifferentiationandpreoperativedefecationcontrolab订ityofthecancer・Commonsurgicalproceduresforrectalcancer:Themainsurgicalmethodsofrectalcancerincluderadicalresectionofabdo
7、minalandperinealrectalcancer,resectionofabdominalrectalcancer,resectionofrectalcancer,proximalstomaanddistalclosedoperation.Thelowermarginofmiddleandlowerrectalcancershouldbemorethan3cmofthetumormargin,andtotalmesorectalexcisionshouldbeperformed1.abdominalperinealresectionofrectalcanc
8、er(Mi
