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1、脑白质病影像学诊断(Imagingdiagnosisofbrainwhitematter)I.IntroductionTherearemanydiseasesinvolvedinthecentralnervoussystemofwhitematter,whilethewhitematterlesionsaredividedintoprimaryandsecondarytwocategories・Secondarytothecentralnervoussysteminfection,poisoning,degenegationandtraumaandotherdi
2、seasesofthewhitematter,secondarybrainwhitematter;primarywhitematterofthedisease,referredtoasprimarywhitematterdisease,referredtoaswhitematter・Thewhitematterofthebrainisdividedinto2categoriesaccordingtowhetherthemyelinsheathismatureatthetimeofthedisease:1.congenitalandhereditarywhitem
3、atterdiseaseThiskindofleukoencephalopathyisusuallycalledleukodystrophyorhereditaryleukodystrophy,myelinformation,maintenanceanddecompositionisacauseofabnormalcerebralwhitemattermyelinationdisorder・Thiskindofdiseaseusuallyincludes:adrenoleukodystrophy,metachromaticleukodystrophy,spher
4、icalcellleukodystrophy,spongiformencephalopathy,Alexanderdisease,corticalaxondysplasia・2.acquiredwhitematterofthebrainAcquiredbrainwhitematterdiseasemainlyreferstothenormaldevelopmentofmaturemyelinhasbeendestroyed,name1y:demyelinationdisease・Itmainlyincludes:multiplesclerosis,progres
5、sivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy,acutedisseminatedencephalomyelitis,subacutesclerosingpanencephalitis,centralpontinemyelinolysis,corpuscallosumdegeneration,subcorticalarterioscleroticencephalopathyandconcentricsclerosisetc・・Two.Thestructure,developmentandimagingdiagnosisofnormalwhit
6、ematter(1)thestructureofthewhitematterofthebrainThewhitematterofthebrainismainlycomposedofnervefibers,whilenervefibersaredividedintotwotypes:myelinatedandunmyelinated.Themyelinatednervefibersaresurroundedbyamedullarystructurecalledmyelin.Intheelectronmicroscope,themyelinsheathisforme
7、dbyathin,flatmembraneoftheoligodendrocytesprojectingattheendoftheprocess・Aoligodendrocytehasanumberofprojectionsthatwraptogetheranumberofaxonsthatarelocatedbetweennervefibers・Anaxonmaybesurroundedbyprojectionsofseveraloligodendrocytesthatfusewitheachothertoformanouter,insulating,myel
8、insheath・Tog
