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1、曲洛基国瓯萸逼■WfVwrocvymntRMAncmALtMQiMMResearchersfromLundUniversityandtheUniversityofOxfordhavebeenabletoprovideoneanswerastowhymalesinmanyspeciesstillprovidepaternalcare,evenwhentheiroffspringmaynotbelongtothem.Thestudyfindsthat,whentheconditionsareright,stickingarounddespiteb
2、eing'cuckolded（有不贞妻子的男人）factuallyturnsouttobethemostsuccessfulevolutionarystrategy.Thestudy,byCharlieCornwallisandcolleagues,ispublished26MarchintheopenaccessjournalPLOSBiology.Inmanyspecies,malesputalotofeffortintocaringforoffspringthatarenottheirown.Atfirstglancethismakes
3、littlesense,becausenaturalselectionshoulddictatethatmalesonlycarefortheoffspringthatcarrytheirgenes.However,thisstudysuggeststhatthemalesarebothmoretolerantandmoreastute（机敏的）thanpreviouslyassumed,andinfactadjusttheircareaccordingtohowlikelyitisthatfemalesareunfaithful,whils
4、talsojudgingwhethercaringwillpotentiallyreducethenumberofoffspringtheycanhaveinthefuture.Theresearchersconductedameta-analysisof62studiesacross48differentspeciesincludinginsects,fish,birdsandmammals.Overall,theresearchersfoundthatpromiscuous（混杂的）copulations（交配，交尾）byfemalesr
5、educedtheinvestmentofmalesby12%・Althoughparentalcareishighlyvariableacrossthesespecies,theresearcherswereabletofindageneralexplanationforwhystickingaroundtocarefortheoffspringisthebetterchoiceforsomemalesthathavebeenusurped・Thereasonisthatmalestendtobemoreacceptingofoffspri
6、ngfatheredbyothermalesinspecieswheretheriskofcuckoldry（通奸）isgenerallylow,orwhencaringdoesnotharmtheirfuturereproductivesuccess・"This,tome,showsthestrengthofnaturalselection,withitsfootprintsclearinspeciesfromburyingbeetles―whichcareforyoungoverafewweeksbyregurgitatingdeadmi
7、ce—tohumans,whospendyearsprovidingfortheirchildren,"saysCharlieCornwallis,researcherattheDepartmentofBiology,LundUniversity."Thesearecomplexcalculationsthatmalesaremaking,”headds,,fandithasbeendifficulttomeasuretherelevantfactorscorrectly,butlookingacrossspecieshashelpedusw
8、orkoutwhatisgoingon.Moreover,acomparativestudylikethiscanguideresearcherstothetype
