新编英语教程5Unit4背景知识之CAUSESOFPOVERTY

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1、CAUSESOFPOVERTYPovertyhasmanycauses,someofthemverybasic・Someexpertssuggest,forinstance,thattheworldhastoomanypeople,toofewjobs,andnotenoughfood・Butsuchbasiccausesarequiteintractableandnoteasilyeradicated・Inmostcases,thecausesandeffectsofpovertyinteract,sothatwhatmakespeoplepooralsocreatesconditionst

2、hatkeepthempoo匚Primaryfactorsthatmayleadtopovertyinclude(1)overpopulation,(2)theunequaldistributionofresourcesintheworldeconomy,(3)inabilitytomeethighstandardsoflivingandcostsofliving,(4)inadequateeducationandemploymentopportunities,(5)environmentaldegradation,(6)certaineconomicanddemographictrends,

3、and(7)welfareincentives・EFFECTSOFPOVERTYMalnutritionandStarvationInfectiousDiseaseandExposuretotheElementsMentalIllnessandDrugDependenceMentalIllnessandDrugDependenceCrimeandViolenceManydevelopingnationsexperiencesevereandwidespreadpoverty,whichoftenleadstodiseaseepidemics,starvation,anddeaths・Inthe

4、pastfewdecades,millionsofpeoplehavestarvedanddiedasaresultoffamineinsuchcountriesasBangladesh,Ethiopia,NorthKorea,Somalia,andSudan.Asrecentlyas199&almostonepersoninfour(23percent)residingindevelopingcountrieslivedonlessthan$1aday・HoovervillesIntheearly1930sshantytownssprangupincitiesacrosstheUnitedS

5、tates,builtbypeoplemadehomelessbytheGreatDepression.Theareas,likethisoneinSeattle,werenicknamedHoovervillesbecausetheirinhabitantsblamedUnitedStatespresidentHerbertHooverfortheirplight.