新编英语教程5Unit3背景知识之NobelPrizeCategories

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1、NobelPrizeCategories

2、_PhysicsJ[Chemistry]

3、_LiteraturejI.Peace]EconomicsI

4、_Physiology&Medicine]NobelPrizes,annualmonetaryawardsgrantedtoindividualsorinstitutionsforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldsofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,internationalpeace,andeconomics

5、ciences・TheNobelprizesareinternationallyrecognizedasthemostprestigiousawardsineachofthesefields.TheprizeswereestablishedbySwedishinventorandindustrialistAlfredBernhardNobel,whosetupafundfortheminhiswill.ThefirstNobelprizeswereawardedonDecember10,1901,thefifthanniversaryofNobefsdea

6、th.In1900theNobelFoundationwasestablishedtomanagethefundandtoadministertheactivitiesoftheinstitutionschargedwithselectingwinners.Thefundiscontrolledbyaboardofdirectors,whichservesfortwo-yearperiodsandconsistsofsixmembers:fiveelectedbythetrusteesoftheawardingbodiesmentionedinthewil

7、l,andthesixthappointedbytheSwedishgovernment.AllsixmembersareeitherSwedishorNorwegiancitizens.Inhiswill,NobelstatedthattheprizesforphysicsandchemistrywouldbeawardedbytheSwedishAcademyofSciences,theprizeforphysiologyormedicinebytheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholm,theliteratureprizeby

8、theSwedishAcademyinStockholm,andthepeaceprizebyafive-personcommitteeelectedbytheNorwegianStorting(Parliament).Aftertheeconomicsprizewascreatedin1968,theSwedishAcademyofScienceshasheldtheresponsibilityofselectingthewinnersofthataward・