曼昆经济学原理微观经济学英文版习题答案(考试章节筛选)

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1、曼昆经济学原理微观经济学英文版课后习题答案（考试章节筛选）UNIT1SOLUTIONSTOTEXTPROBLEMS:QuickQuizzes1.Thefourprinciplesofeconomicdecisionmakingare:(1)peoplefacetradeoffs;(2)thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit;(3)rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin;and(4)peoplerespondtoincentives.Peoplefacetradeoffsbecausetogetonethi

2、ngthattheylike,theyusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthingthattheylike.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit,notjustintermsofmonetarycostsbutallopportunitycosts.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemarginbytakinganactionifandonlyifthemarginalbenefitsexceedthemarginalcosts.Peoplerespondtoincentivesbecause

3、astheycomparebenefitstocosts,achangeinincentivesmaycausetheirbehaviortochange.2.Thethreeprinciplesconcerningeconomicinteractionsare:(1)tradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff;(2)marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity;and(3)governmentscansometimesimprovemarketoutcomes.Tradecanmakeever

4、yonebetteroffbecauseitallowscountriestospecializeinwhattheydobestandtoenjoyawidervarietyofgoodsandservices.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivitybecausetheinvisiblehandleadsmarketstodesirableoutcomes.Governmentscansometimesimprovemarketoutcomesbecausesometimesmarketsfailtoa

5、llocateresourcesefficientlybecauseofanexternalityormarketpower.3.Thethreeprinciplesthatdescribehowtheeconomyasawholeworksare:(1)acountry’sstandardoflivingdependsonitsabilitytoproducegoodsandservices;(2)pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney;and(3)societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbet

6、weeninflationandunemployment.Acountry’sstandardoflivingdependsonitsabilitytoproducegoodsandservices,whichinturndependsonitsproductivity,whichisafunctionoftheeducationofworkersandtheaccessworkershavetothenecessarytoolsandtechnology.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoneybecausemore

7、moneyincirculationreducesthevalueofmoney,causinginflation.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemploymentthatisonlytemporaryandpolicymakershavesomeabilitytoexploitthisrelationshipusingvariouspolicyinstruments.QuestionsforReview1.Examplesoftradeoffsincludetimetrade