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时间:2018-07-20
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1、Chapter8/Application:TheCostsofTaxation❖1598Chapter8APPLICATION:THECOSTSOFTAXATIONofTaxationWHAT’SNEWINTHESEVENTHEDITION:AnewIntheNewsboxon“TheTaxDebate”hasbeenadded.LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:Bytheendofthischapter,studentsshouldunderstand:Øhowtaxesreduceconsu
2、merandproducersurplus.Øthemeaningandcausesofthedeadweightlossfromatax.Øwhysometaxeshavelargerdeadweightlossesthanothers.Øhowtaxrevenueanddeadweightlossvarywiththesizeofatax.CONTEXTANDPURPOSE:Chapter8isthesecondchapterinathree-chaptersequencedealingwith
3、welfareeconomics.Intheprevioussectiononsupplyanddemand,Chapter6introducedtaxesanddemonstratedhowataxaffectsthepriceandquantitysoldinamarket.Chapter6alsodescribedthefactorsthatdeterminehowtheburdenofthetaxisdividedbetweenthebuyersandsellersinamarket.Cha
4、pter7developedwelfareeconomics—thestudyofhowtheallocationofresourcesaffectseconomicwell-being.Chapter8combinesthelessonslearnedinChapters6and7andaddressestheeffectsoftaxationonwelfare.Chapter9willaddresstheeffectsoftraderestrictionsonwelfare.Thepurpose
5、ofChapter8istoapplythelessonslearnedaboutwelfareeconomicsinChapter7totheissueoftaxationthatwasaddressedinChapter6.Studentswilllearnthatthecostofataxtobuyersandsellersinamarketexceedstherevenuecollectedbythegovernment.Studentswillalsolearnaboutthefactor
6、sthatdeterminethedegreebywhichthecostofataxexceedstherevenuecollectedbythegovernment.©2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Chapter8/Application:TheCostsofTaxation❖
7、159KEYPOINTS:·Ataxonagoodreducesthewelfareofbuyersandsellersofthegood,andthereductioninconsumerandproducersurplususuallyexceedstherevenueraisedbythegovernment.Thefallintotalsurplus—thesumofconsumersurplus,producersurplus,andtaxrevenue—iscalledthedeadwe
8、ightlossofthetax.·Taxeshavedeadweightlossesbecausetheycausebuyerstoconsumelessandsellerstoproduceless,andthesechangesinbehaviorshrinkthesizeofthemarketbelowthelevelthatmaximizestotalsurplus.Becausetheelasticitiesofsupplyanddemandmeasure
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