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1、《巴比伦塔木德》阿嘎达文选张平选编2007年8月72第一讲：《巴比伦塔木德》的基本概念Talmud-Mas.Kiddushin29aMISHNAH.ALLOBLIGATIONSOFTHESONUPONTHEFATHER,MENAREBOUND,BUTWOMENAREEXEMPT.BUTALLOBLIGATIONSOFTHEFATHERUPONTHESON,BOTHMENANDWOMENAREBOUND.Mas.Kiddushin30bA.BUTALLOBLIGATIONSOFTHEFATHERUPONTHESONetc.,כלמצותהאבעלהבןוכו.’B.Whatismeantby(מ
2、אי)‘ALLOBLIGATIONSOFTHEFATHERUPONTHESON?מאיכלמצותהאבעלהבן?B1.Shallwesay,allpreceptswhichthefatherisboundtoperformforhisson—arethenwomenboundthereby?Butitwastaught(התניא):‘Thefatherisobligedinrespectofhisson,tocircumciseandredeemhim’:onlythefather,butnotthemother!אילימאכלמצותאדמיחייבאבאלמיעבדלבריה,נש
3、יםחייבות?והתניא:האבחייבבבנולמולוולפדותו;אביואין,אמולא!B2.—SaidRabJudah,Thisisitsmeaning(הכיקאמר):Allpreceptsconcerningafather,whichareincumbentuponasontoperformforhisfather,bothmenandwomenareboundthereby.אמררביהודה,הכיקאמר:כלמצותהאבהמוטלתעלהבןלעשותלאביו-אחדאנשיםואחדנשיםחייבין.B21.Wehave[thus]learnth
4、erewhatourRabbistaught(תנינאלהאדת"ר):[Yeshallfeareverymanhisfather,andhismother]:32‘man,’Iknowitonlyofman;howdoIknowitofwoman?33Whenitissaid:‘Yeshallfear,’twoarementioned.Ifso,whystateman?Amanpossessesthemeanstofulfilthis,butawomanhasnomeansoffulfillingthis,becausesheisundertheauthorityofothers.34תנ
5、ינאלהאדת"ר:איש-איןליאלאאיש,אשהמנין?כשהואאומר:תיראו-הריכאןשנים;א"כ,מהת"לאיש?אישסיפקבידולעשות,אשהאיןסיפקבידהלעשות,מפנישרשותאחריםעליה.B22.R.Idib.AbinsaidinRab'sname:Ifsheisdivorced,bothareequal.35אמררבאידיבראביןאמררב:נתגרשה,שניהםשוים.72C.OurRabbistaught(ת"ר):Itissaid:Honourthyfatherandthymother;36andit
6、isalsosaid:HonourtheLordwiththysubstance:37thustheWritassimilatesthehonourduetoparentstothatoftheOmnipresent.Itissaid:‘Yeshallfeareverymanhisfather,andhismother’;anditisalsosaid:TheLordthyGodthoushaltfear,andhimthoushaltserve;38thustheWritassimilatesthefearofparentstothefearofGod.Itissaid:Andhethatc
7、ursethhisfather,orhismother,shallsurelybeputtodeath;39anditisalsosaid:WhosoevercursethhisGodshallbearhissin:40thustheWritassimilatestheblessing41ofparentstothatoftheOmnipresent.ת"רנאמר:+שמותכ+כבדאתאבי
