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1、Definethefollowingterms:1. designfeature:arefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2. function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsinclucleimforma
2、tivefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.3. etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdi
3、stinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Beingeticmansmakingfartoomany,aswellasbehaviouslyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasofterthecasewithphoneticvx.phonemicanalysisinlinguisticsproper.4. emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlin
4、guistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Anemicsetofspeechactsandeventsmustbeonethatisvalidatedasmeaningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunithratherthanviaqppealtotheinvestigator’singenuithorintuitionalone.5. synchronic:akindo
5、fdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent),asitspointofobservation.Mostgrammarsareofthiskind.6. diachronic:studyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.7. prescriptive:thestudyofalanguageiscarriedthrough
6、thecourseofitshistory.8. prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.9. descriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.10. arbitrariness:onedesignfeatureofhu
7、manlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.11. duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecomposedofelementsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwoleve
8、lshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.12. displacement:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemomentofcommunication.13.
