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1、Macroeconomics1・Abranchofeconomicsdealingwiththeperformance,structure,behavior,anddecisiomakingofaneconomyasawhole,ratherthanindividualmarkets.2.Basicconcepts:/Outputandincome/Unemployment/Inflationanddeflation・3.Itstudiesaggregatedindicatorssuchas:/GDP(grossdomesti
2、cproduct):themarketvalueofallofficiallyrecognizedfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinayear,orothergivenperiodoftime.GDPpercapitaisoftenconsideredanindicatorofacountry'sstandarclofliving./Unemploymentrate:UneniployirLeDtrate=UaemployedwrkersIbt&llaborforce*1
3、00"Unemployedworkers11arcthosewhoarccurrentlynotworkingbutarcwillingandabletoworkforpay,currentlyavailabletowork,andhaveactivelysearchedforwork・丁Priceindexes:1.CPI(Consumerpriceindex):measureschangesinthepricelevelofamarketbasketofconsumergoodsandservicespurchasedby
4、households・GoodslistedintheCPIincludefoodandbeverages,transportation,housing,clothing,medicalcare,recreation,educationandcommunication,andothergoodsandservices・2.PPI(Producerpriceindex):measurestheaveragechangesinpricesreceivedbydomesticproducersfortheiroutput.>Macr
5、oeconomistsdevelopmodelsthatexplaintherelationshipbetweensuchfactorsasnationalincome,output,consumption,unemployment,inflation,savings,investment,internationaltradeandinternationalfinance.>Macroeconomicspolicy:/Monetarypolicy(interestrates)丁Fiscalpolicy(taxstructure
6、andgovernmentspending)•Microeconomics>Abranchofeconomicsthatstudiesthebehaviorofindividualsandsmallimpactingplayersinmakingdecisionsontheallocationoflimitedresources・>Itappliestomarketswheregoodsorservicesareboughtandsold.Microeconomicsexamineshowthesedecisionsandbe
7、haviorsaffectthesupplyanddemandforgoodsandservices,whichdctcnnincsprices,andhowprices,inturn,determinethequantitysuppliedandquantitydemandedofgoodsandservices・>Itstudiesthetopicsasfollows:/Demand,supply,andequilibrium(marketprice):priceisamarketsautomaticregulator./
8、Measurementofelasticities:◊Theratioofthepercentagechangeinonevariabletothepercentagechangeinanothervariable,whenthelattervariablehasacausa
