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1、定语从句一、定语从句定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词和关系副词）引出。关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose关系副词：when、where、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、定语从句的引导词先行词成分关系代词whowhomwhichthatwhose人人物人/物人/物主语、宾语宾语主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语定语关系副词whenwherewhy时间地点原因时间状语、表语地点状语、表语原因状语、表语
2、三、用法1、关系代词引导的定语从句（1）who,whom,that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗？注：当引导词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数的变化取决于先行词。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。注：引导词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.（2）which,that代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词Thi
3、sisthefamilywhich/thatisplanningtomovetothecity.这是正计划要搬进城里的一家。Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.我正读的这本书是由托马斯·哈迪写的。（3）whose用来指人或物（在从句中只能作定语，若指物，可以和ofwhich互换）Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.请递给我那
4、本绿皮的书。2、关系代词的特殊用法（1）关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1）先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。e.g.MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdid.辨析：MymotherwassoproudofwhatIdid.（allthat=what）2）先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly等修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.3）先行词
5、为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatestotheirmindistheWestLake.4）先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday.5）Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。e.g.There’saseatinthecornerthatisstil
6、lfree.6）句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7）关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe.（2）只用which不用that的情况：1）在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which,有时不是修饰某个先行词
7、,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。e.g.Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.2）介词+which的时候练习（一）请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，标出先行词，分析引导词成分)1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.2.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.3.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.4.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.5.Can
