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1、FromWalkmantohollowmen从“随身听”至『中空人”[2010.11.06]TheEconomistTHEWalkmanchangedthewaypeoplelistenedtomusic,especiallyonthego.IntroducedbySonyin1979，theportablecassette-tapeplayerisfinallybeingdiscontinuedintheJapanesemarket.ThedevicewillremaininproductioninChinaandsoldinsomeoth
2、erplaces,althoughSonywillnotsayhowmanyitstillsellsorwhyitbotherstomakeWalkmansatallintheageoftheiPodandsmartphone.Whoeverbuysthem,thenumbersarcunlikelytoaddmuchtothemorethan220mWalkmancassette-playersalreadysold.Yetthispioneeringproductwasalmostnevermadeinthefirstplace.Sony
3、'sco-fbunder,AkioMorita,hadtobattlewithhisownengineersandexecutiveswhoarguedthatatape-playerwithoutarecordingfunctionwouldneverwork.^Everybodygavemeahardtime,"Moritawroteinhismemoirsin1986・Intheend,though,thebosshadhisway.Suchdeterminationfromabusinessleaderisunlikelyintoda
4、/sJapan.Founder-presidentslikeMorita,whodiedin1999,holdimmensepower.Buttheirsuccessors,calledsalaryman-shacho(or”hired-handpresidents”)，donot.ThismakesitdifficultforJapanesebossestobeleadersratherthanjustfigureheads.”Thesalaryman-shachoisoneofthebiggestreasonswhytheJapanese
5、economywentdown.Theydonfttakeresponsibility/1thundersTadashiYanai,thefounderandbossofFastRetailing,Japan'slargestclothingretailerandoperatoroftheUniqlochainofstores.MrYanai,whoisreckonedtobeJapan'srichestman,wortharound$9billion,isnotaloneinhisview.Japanesemanagerslack"asse
6、rtiveness，vigour,energyandresolve役saysKazuoInamori,the78-ycar-oldfounderofKyocera,oneofthecountry'sbiggestproducersofelectronicsparts-Oneproblemisthatinaconsensus-basedculture-withtheidealoflifetimeemployment,andpromotionsandcompensationbasedmoreonsenioritythanpcrformancc-f
7、cwbosseshaveafreehand,orevenaninterest,inforgingabrashpath.Suchbossesarcimplicitlyexpectedtokeepthingsastheyareandowetheirpositiontosomanyinternalcolleaguesthatthoroughcorporateoverhaulsarealmostimpossible・Hence,whenToyotaneededtotakeradicalstepstorejuvenatethecompanyin2009
8、,itnamedthefoundersgrandsonaspresident,hopingitwouldputaboldpairofhandsonthesteeri
