专业英语-阅读理解分类题练习八

《专业英语-阅读理解分类题练习八》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、阅读理解分类题练习八Test1Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet•TEXTAHereisanexperimentyoudon11wanttotryathome.Showatoy--adoll

2、,say,oramodelboat--toatoddlerandexplainthatit1ssomethingspecialyou1vehadsinceyouwerelittle

3、oyfallsapart,youcanexpressregretbymildlysaying,H0hzmy・"Thensitstillandobservethechild.Thepointisnottopermanentlytraumatizeanyonetheresearcherswhoperformedthisexperimentquicklyfolloweditwitharitualabsolvingthechildofblame.Butfirst,for60secondsafterthetoybroke,thepsychol

4、ogistsrecordedeveryreactionasthetoddlerssquirmed,avoidedtheexperimenter1sgaze,hunchedtheirshoulders,huggedthemselvesandcoveredtheirfaceswiththeirhands.Itwaspartofalong-termstudyattheUniversityofIowatoisolatetheeffectsoftwodistinctmechanismsthathelpchildrenbecomeconside

5、rate,conscientiousadults.Onemechanism,measuredinotherexperimentstestingtoddlers1abilitytoresisttemptations,iscalledeffortfulself-control--howwellyoucanthinkaheadanddeliberatelysuppressimpulsivebehaviorthathurtsyourselfandothers•Theothermechanismislessrationalandisespec

6、iallyvaluableforchildrenandadultswithpoorself-control.It1sthefeelingmeasuredinthatbroken-toyexperiment,guilt,orwhatchildrendiagnoseasansinkingfeelinginthetummynGuiltinitsmanyvarieties--Puritan,Catholic,Jewish,etc•--hasoftengottenabadrap,butpsychologistskeepfindingevide

7、nceofitsusefulness•Toolittleguiltclearlyhasadownside--mostobviouslyinsociopathswhofeelnoremorse,butalsoinkindergartnerswhosmackotherchildrenandsnatchtheirtoys.Childrentypicallystarttofeelguiltintheirsecondyearoflife,saysGrazynaKochanska,whohasbeentrackingchildren1sdeve

8、lopmentfortwodecadesinherlaboratoryattheUniversityofIowa.Somechildren1stemperamentmakesthempronetoguilt,shesaid,andso