英语基础知识复习资料

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1、专题一句子成分1•主语:动作的发岀者,或：一个句子中的陈述对象。Helaughed・Swimmingisinteresting・拓展：Helaughsbestwholaughslast.（人称代词和关系代词）Swimmingisinteresting.（动名词作主语）Hiswordsaretrue.（名词作主语）Whathesaidistrue.（主语从句）2•谓语：主语所发岀的动作或具有的特征和状态。Heislyingontheground.（动词作谓语，表示：主语状态）拓展：Heiscryingnow.（谓语动词：现在进行时）Ihavesee

2、nthemoviebefore.（谓语动词：现在完成时）3•宾语：动作的对象或承受者或内容。IloveEnglish.拓展：Ilovehim.（代词作宾语）Ilovedancing.（动名词作宾语）Iwanttoseeyou.（不定式作宾语）Ibelieveyourwords.（名词作宾语）Ibelievewhatyousaid.（从句，即宾语从句）4•宜补：补充.说明宜语的成分。HegraduallyfoundEnglishinteresting.Weallchoosehimmonito匚拓展：HegraduallyfoundEnglishin

3、teresting.（形容词）Weallchoosehimmonito匚（名词）Thehotelmakesmeatease.（介词短语）Theteachertoldmetoleaveatonce.（不定式）Canyouseethegirldancingoverthere?（现在分词）Isawtheboytakentotheoffice.（过去分词）怎么辨别“主一谓一宾一宾”和“主一谓一宾一宾补”？宾语和宾补之间其实是主谓关系。Hecallsmeuncle.[—>1amhisuncle]Isawhimtakenaway.[—>Hewastakena

4、way.]Ifoundhimintheroom.[—>Hewasintheroom.]而两个宾语之间不存在主谓关系：Hegavemeabook.[不能理解为：*1amabook.]5•表语:说明主语的身份、特征、状态的成分，位于系动词后面。Heisateache匚Heistired.拓展：Heisateacher.（名词）Myhobbyisswimming.（动名词）Helooksnice.（形容词）Mysuggestionisthatyoustartatonce.（表语从句）表语通常位于系动词后。英语中有哪些系动词呢？"是prove,turno

5、ut;remain;stay;keep;“变得”：become,getturn,go,fall;“感官=忆el,smell,sound,taste,look,seem,appear系动词具有哪些特征呢？①后面通常跟形容词不跟副词。比较：Shelooksbeautiflil.Shesingsbeautifiilly・②不用被动形式。错误：Thedishistasteddelicious.正确:Thedishtastesdelicious・错误：Tastednice,thedishwaseatenupquickly.正确:Tastingnice,th

6、edishwaseatenupquickly.6•定语:修饰制名词的成分。Heisacarefuldriver.拓展：Ourchemistryteacherputakindofchemicalsubstanceonthedesk.（名词；形容词）Heisacarefuldriver.（形容词）Heisadriverwhodrivescarefully.（定语从句）1knowtheboywearingajacket.（现在分词短语）Iliketheboywhoiswearingajacket.（定语从句）Ilikethebookswrittenby

7、LuXun.（过去分词短语）IlikethebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.（定语从句）7•状语:修饰制动词.形容词和句子的成分。IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.（时间状语）拓展：Hestudieshard.（副词）Hecoulddanceattheageofseven.（介词短语）Hecoulddancewhenhewasseven.（从句）Iamsorryforcominglate.（介词短语）IamsorrybecauseIamlate・（从句）8伺位语:句子中指代同一事物的另外一个名词短

8、语或名词性从句。IamLiHua,ChairmanoftheStudents'Union.（名词作同位语）Thefactthatthee